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Malekitabr A, Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A, Falsafinejad M R, Vakili S. The Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions in Improving Psychological Well-being of Persons With Visual Impairment: A Meta-analysis Study. PCP 2024; 12 (3) :201-216
URL: http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-933-en.html

Objective: It is essential to determine detailed studies to understand the effectiveness, mechanisms, moderators, and cost-effectiveness of psychological intervention programs on psychological well-being in visually impaired people.
Methods: This systematic review focused on studies that evaluated the interventions to promote psychological, emotional, and social well-being. The data were collected by searching Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus databases using the keywords, “psychological well-being in visually impaired people”, “effectiveness of psychological interventions in people with visually impaired (VI)”, “depression in blind people”, “stress in visually impaired people”, “effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)”, “behavioral approach”, “rational emotive behavior therapy”, “schema therapy”, “cognitive therapy”, “mindfulness”, “orientation”, “acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)”, “music therapy”, “rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)”, “narrative therapy”, “compassion therapy”, “adventure”, “play therapy”, “meaning therapy”, and “group counseling” on visually impaired people. Each keyword was searched separately. The search was conducted on the documents that were published from 2003 to 2023. In the final step, 25 records were analyzed in the study. 
Results: Most studies focused on adolescents and young adults. A total of 44 components were assessed; the psychological components included distress, stress, anxiety, self-concept, assessment of decisive behavior, and psychological well-being in seven studies; the emotional components included depression and aggressive behavior in 6 studies, and the social components included communication skills and empathic orientations, social participation and social anxiety, social anxiety, quality of life (QoL), creative skills, interpersonal openness, and self-esteem in 12 studies. The highest number of interventions conducted focused on CBT in 6 studies followed by REBT interventions conducted in 3 cases.
Conclusion: Visually impaired people need effective and early interventions in life due to their limited vision. Since thinking, feeling, and action are intertwined in arousing a person, it seems that cognitive therapies can improve visually impaired people’s psychological well-being. The results also indicated CBT and REBT are more effective than other interventions.