1- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , ramezanifarani.a@iums.ac.ir
3- Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (2756 Views)
Objective: Cognitive theories and research have focused on the relationship between emotions, particularly anxiety, and the positive symptoms of psychosis. The aim of this study, based on Beck’s cognitive theory, was to compare dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive insight between patients with anxiety disorders and those with delusion.
Methods: The study sample consisted of 90 participants in 3 groups (anxiety=30, delusion=30, healthy=30). The study subjects were interviewed using Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I) for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Then, they completed Beck Anxiety Inventory (BDI), Peters et al.’s Delusions Inventory (PDI), General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale-26 (DAS-26), and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS).
Results: The present research results indicated that anxiety and delusion groups presented significantly greater dysfunctional attitudes than the healthy subjects (P<0.001); however, there was no significant difference between the clinical groups. The anxiety group had significantly higher cognitive insight than the delusional (P<0.05) and normal groups (P<0.01); however, there was no significant difference between the last two groups.
Conclusion: Dysfunctional attitudes can be considered as a common aspect and cognitive insight as a differentiating aspect of anxiety and psychosis.
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• A common process of the psychopathology between psychosis and anxiety is dysfunctional attitudes.
• Cognitive insight is the differentiating aspect of psychosis and anxiety.
• Higher self-certainty, but not self-reflectiveness, can be considered as a hallmark of delusion.
Plain Language Summary
Dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive insight are key components in the cognitive formulation of anxiety and delusion. We compared these factors between 3 groups of patients with anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders with delusion, and healthy individuals. The collected results presented higher dysfunctional attitudes in anxious and delusional patients than in the healthy group. Also, the anxiety and delusion groups manifested the highest self-reflectiveness and self-certainty, respectively. This study revealed that patients with anxiety disorders and those with delusion have similar dysfunctional attitudes about success-perfectionism, need for approval, and need for satisfying others. Although delusional patients are more confident in their beliefs and judgments, both clinical groups accept the corrective feedback. This research highlighted a continuum between anxiety and delusion, i.e., considerable in theory and treatment.
Type of Study:
Research |
Subject:
Cognitive behavioral Received: 2020/12/10 | Accepted: 2021/03/5 | Published: 2021/04/1