Allame Z, Heydarinasab L, Fasanghari M, Shahmohammadi M. Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory Among Students. PCP 2019; 7 (4) :291-302
URL:
http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-651-en.html
1- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Clinical Psychology, faculty of litretures and humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. , lhnpsy@gmail.com
3- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Alzahra, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (3871 Views)
Objective: Attitude toward dying and death is a conceptual response to the various aspects of death, which is based on an individual’s psychosocial and cultural experiences. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Multidimensional Orientation toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F) among Iranian students.
Methods: A total of 320 subjects were selected from students in universities of Tehran in the academic year 2016-2017, using the convenience sampling method. The study data were collected using the following instruments: the MODDI-F, the Existential Anxiety Scale (EAS), the Oxford happiness questionnaire, the general health questionnaire, and the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Data analyses were performed by factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient in SPSS v. 22.
Results: Factor structure was assessed using the confirmatory factor analysis. The proposed model for the MODDI-F with 8 factors had a good fit to the data. Besides, the reliability of the MODDI-F was assessed using Cronbach alpha and test-retest reliability coefficients. The Cronbach alpha values of higher than 0.7 were found for all of the subscales, except for death denial. Moreover, using the Pearson correlation coefficient, significant relationships were found between the scores on the factors of the MODDI-F and scores on convergent and divergent factors of other questionnaires, indicating the convergent and divergent validity of the inventory.
Conclusion: MODDI-F enjoys acceptable psychometric properties regarding the ease of administration, scoring, and interpretation, as well as the suitable validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Thus, researchers can safely use it in their studies.
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• The Persian version of the MODDI-F has acceptable validity and reliability.
• A Cronbach’s alpha of higher than 0.70 were found for all of the subscales of MODDI-F, expect for the subscale of death denial.
• A significant relationship was found between the scores of the MODDI-F components and the scores of convergent and divergent factors in the EAS, OHQ, GHQ, and DAS questionnaires.
Plain Language Summary
Many previous instruments about death were not based on true theory and well-explained conceptual assumptions. Besides, most of the existing instruments are only focused on anxiety related to death and dying. Few instruments are available to assess death acceptance, and none is appropriate for assessing the constructs of acceptance and fear of death in a multidimensional way. The Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F) is the only instrument assessing death acceptance and death denial, along with death anxiety. The MODDI-F is based on the main assumption that people’ reactions toward dying can be divided into three dimensions of fear, acceptance, and denial. These dimensions are the most important ways of thinking and feeling about death. MODDI-F consists of 8 subscales of fear of one’s own dying, fear of one’s own death, fear of another person’s dying, fear of another person’s death, fear of corpses, acceptance of one’s own dying and death, acceptance of another person’s death, and denial of one’s own death. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the MODDI-F. Results showed the acceptable validity and reliability of its Persian version. A Cronbach’s alpha of higher than 0.70 were found for all of the subscales of MODDI-F, expect for the subscale of death denial. A significant relationship was found between the scores of the MODDI-F components and the scores of convergent and divergent factors in the EAS, OHQ, GHQ, and DAS questionnaires.
Type of Study:
Research |
Subject:
Psychometric Received: 2019/04/2 | Accepted: 2019/07/7 | Published: 2019/10/1