Volume 5, Issue 4 (Autumn 2017-- 2017)                   PCP 2017, 5(4): 297-304 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Mashrouti P, Dolatshahi B, Mohamadkhani P, Pourshahbaz A, Mohammadi F. Parental Traits in the Relationship of Type and Severity of Psychopathology in Young Adults. PCP 2017; 5 (4) :297-304
URL: http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-379-en.html
1- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
2- Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , b.dolat95@gmail.com
3- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:   (7410 Views)

Objective: Early year experiences with parents play an important role in the development of personality of individuals. In this regard, the present study aimed at assessing the relationship between parental bonding and type and severity of psychopathology in young adults. 
Methods: A total of 361 students (205 boys and 156 girls) of Tabriz University were selected by cluster sampling method and then tested by Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI) and Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R). Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression with SPSS v.16 software.
Results: The results showed that maternal and paternal care have a significantly negative correlation with the general suffering scales. The correlation of maternal care is stronger than the paternal care. Also, paternal overprotection has the strongest correlation with general severity scales. Regression results indicated that primarily high paternal overprotection and low maternal care significantly (P<0.05) predicted 14% and 15% of severity and frequency of psychological symptoms, respectively. 
Conclusion: Parental bonding components have a significant relationship with general suffering scales. Affectionless control parenting style with low care and high overprotection is the most traumatic way of parental interaction in childhood and adolescence.

Full-Text [PDF 499 kb]   (2684 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (2157 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychiatry
Received: 2017/03/12 | Accepted: 2017/06/24 | Published: 2017/09/19

References
1. Bagheriyazdi, A., Bolhari, J., & Shahmohammad, D. (1994). [An epidemiological study of psychological disorders on a rural area (Meibod, Yazd) in Iran (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 32-41.
2. Chen, D., Bienvenu, O. J., Krasnow, J., Wang, Y., Grados, M. A., Cullen, B., et al. (2017). Parental bonding and hoarding in obsessive compulsive disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 73, 43–52. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.004 [DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.004]
3. Chen, Y. L., Chen, S. H., & Gau, S. S. F. (2015). ADHD and autistic traits, family function, parenting style, and social adjustment for Internet addiction among children and adolescents in Taiwan: A longitudinal study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 39, 20–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.025 [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.025]
4. Craissati, J., McClurg, G., & Browne, K. (2002). The parental bonding experiences of sex offenders: A comparison between child molesters and rapists. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(9), 909–21. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00361-7 [DOI:10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00361-7]
5. Derogatis, L. R., Rickels, K., & Rock, A. F. (1976). The SCL-90 and the MMPI: A step in the validation of a new self-report scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 128(3), 280–9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.128.3.280 [DOI:10.1192/bjp.128.3.280]
6. Enns, MW., Cox, Bj., Clara, I. (2002). Parental bonding and adult psychopathology: Results from the US national comorbidity survey. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 997–1008. doi: 10.1017/s0033291702005937 [DOI:10.1017/S0033291702005937]
7. Fazeli Mehrabadi, A., Mohammadi, S., Aghababaei, N., Izadpanah, SH., Panaghi, L., Ghadiri F. (2012) [Parental bonding and mental health: The role of gender (Persian)]. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 8(30), 197-206.
8. Infurna, M. R., Fuchs, A., Fischer Waldschmidt, G., Reichl, C., Holz, B., Resch, F., et al. (2016). Parents' childhood experiences of bonding and parental psychopathology predict borderline personality disorder during adolescence in offspring. Psychiatry Research, 246, 373-8. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.013 [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.013]
9. Ishizaki, Y., Nagahama, T., & Kaneko, K. (2013). Mental health of mothers and their premature infants for the prevention of child abuse and maltreatment. Health, 5(3), 612–6. doi: 10.4236/health.2013.53a081 [DOI:10.4236/health.2013.53A081]
10. Kimbrel, N. A., Nelson Gray, R. O., & Mitchell, J. T. (2007). Reinforcement sensitivity and maternal style as predictors of psychopathology. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(6), 1139–49. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.028 [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.028]
11. Kraaij, V., Garnefski, N., de Wilde, E. J., Dijkstra, A., Gebhardt, W., Maes, S., et al. (2003). Negative life events and depressive symptoms in late adolescence: Bonding and cognitive coping as vulnerability factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(3), 185-93. doi: 10.1023/a:1022543419747 [DOI:10.1023/A:1022543419747]
12. Mallers, M. H., Charles, S. T., Neupert, S. D., & Almeida, D. M. (2010). Perceptions of childhood relationships with mother and father: Daily emotional and stressor experiences in adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 46(6), 1651–61. doi: 10.1037/a0021020 [DOI:10.1037/a0021020]
13. Mancini, F., D'Olimpio, F., Prunetti, E., Didonna, F., & Del Genio, M. (2000). Parental bonding: Can obsessive symptoms and general distress be predicted by perceived rearing practices. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 7(3), 201-8. doi: 10.1002/1099-0879(200007)7:3<201::aid-cpp241>3.0.co;2-k https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0879(200007)7:3<201::AID-CPP241>3.0.CO;2-K [DOI:10.1002/1099-0879(200007)7:33.0.CO;2-K]
14. Martin, G., Bergen, H. A., Roeger, L., & Allison, S. (2004). Depression in young adolescents. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(10), 650–7. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000142028.10056.c6 [DOI:10.1097/01.nmd.0000142028.10056.c6]
15. Matheson, K., Kelly, O., Cole, B., Tannenbaum, B., Dodd, C., & Anisman, H. (2005). Parental bonding and depressive affect: The mediating role of coping resources. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44(3), 371–95. doi: 10.1348/014466605x37477 [DOI:10.1348/014466605X37477]
16. Myhr, G., Sookman, D., & Pinard, G. (2004). Attachment security and parental bonding in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder: A comparison with depressed out patients and healthy controls. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(6), 447–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00271.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00271.x]
17. Narita, T., Sato, T., Hirano, S., Gota, M., Sakado, K., & Uehara, T. (2000). Parental child rearing behavior as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument in a Japanese population: Factor structure and relationship to a lifetime history of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57(1-3), 229–34. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00071-3 [DOI:10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00071-3]
18. Parker, G. (1987). Parental representations of neurotic and endogenous depressives. Journal of Affective Disorders, 13(1), 75–82. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(87)90076-0 [DOI:10.1016/0165-0327(87)90076-0]
19. Rigby, K., Slee, P. T., & Martin, G. (2007). Implications of inadequate parental bonding and peer victimization for adolescent mental health. Journal of Adolescence, 30(5), 801–12. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.09.008 [DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.09.008]
20. Rikhye, K., Tyrka, A. R., Kelly, M. M., Gagne, G. G., Mello, A. F., Mello, M. F., et al. (2008). Interplay between childhood maltreatment, parental bonding, and gender effects: Impact on quality of life. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(1), 19–34. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.04.012 [DOI:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.04.012]
21. Rommel, D., Nandrino, J. L., Ducro, C., Andrieux, S., Delecourt, F., & Antoine, P. (2012). Impact of emotional awareness and parental bonding on emotional eating in obese women. Appetite, 59(1), 21–6. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.03.006 [DOI:10.1016/j.appet.2012.03.006]
22. Schauenburg, H., & Strack, M. (1999). Measuring psychotherapeutic change with the symptom checklist SCL-90-R. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 68(4), 199–206. doi: 10.1159/000012333 [DOI:10.1159/000012333]
23. Schofield, T. J., Conger, R. D., Donnellan, M. B., Jochem, R., Widaman, K. F., & Conger, K. J. (2012). Parent personality and positive parenting as predictors of positive adolescent personality development over time. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 58(2), 255–83. doi: 10.1353/mpq.2012.0008 [DOI:10.1353/mpq.2012.0008]
24. Shaker, A., & Homeyli, N. (2011). Comparing parental bonding and attachment styles in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety and depression. Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, 9(3), 19-25.
25. Singh, S., Manjula, M., & Philip, M. (2012). Suicidal risk and childhood adversity: A study of Indian college students. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 5(2), 154–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.024 [DOI:10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.024]
26. Tam, C. L., & Yeoh, S. H. (2008). Parental bonding and parent-child relationship among tertiary students. Sunway Academic Journal, 5, 111-27.
27. Tetley, A., Moghaddam, N. G., Dawson, D. L., & Rennoldson, M. (2014). Parental bonding and eating disorders: A systematic review. Eating Behaviors, 15(1), 49–59. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.10.008 [DOI:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.10.008]
28. Wilhelm,K. Niven, H,. Parker, G., Hadzi Pavovic, D. (2005). The stability of the parental bonding instrument over a 20 year period. Psychological Medicine, 35(3), 387–93. doi: 10.1017/s0033291704003538 [DOI:10.1017/S0033291704003538]
29. Williams, C. L., Harfmann, E. J., Ingram, R. E., Hagan, K. E., & Kramer, N. M. (2015). Specificity of parental bonding and rumination in depressive and anxious emotional distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 79, 157–61. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.055 [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.055]
30. Yoshizumi, T., Murase, S., Murakami, T., & Takai, J. (2007). Dissociation as a mediator between perceived parental rearing style and depression in an adult community population using college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(2), 353–64. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.12.010 [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2006.12.010]
31. Zahedian, S. F., Mohammadi, M., & Samani, S. (2011). [The role of attachmet styles, parental bonding and self concept in sexual addiction (Persian)]. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3(3), 65-73.

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb