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2- Department of Educational Evaluation and Measurement, Faculty of Psychology and Educattion, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
Objective: The present research aimed to examine positive and negative beliefs about worry and tendency of students to drug abuse in terms of cross-level effect of school-bounding.
Methods: In this multi-level investigation, 1000 students of high schools were selected by means of multi-stage sampling technique. Then, they completed metacognitive questionnaire (MCQ), school-bounding and questionnaire of readiness for addiction scale (Wade & Butcher). The data were analyzed by cross-level analytical method.
Results: Findings showed that positive and negative metacognitive beliefs significantly affect students’ tendency to drug abuse and the variable of school-bounding has direct and significant effect on students’ tendency to drug abuse while it has indirect and significant effect on relationship among negative and positive beliefs about worry and tendency to drug abuse.
Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of taking multi-level approach toward tendency to drug abuse and addiction and using microlevel and macrolevel to define phenomenon of addiction and tendency to drug abuse.
Received: 2015/09/25 | Accepted: 2015/12/19 | Published: 2016/01/1
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