Hadise Heydari, Behrooz Dolatshahi, Alireza Mahdaviani, Alireza Eslaminejad,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (4-2015)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prediction of asthma control on the basis of
perceived stress, locus of control, and self-efficacy in adult patients with asthma.
Methods: This was a descriptive-correlative and cross-sectional study.The solecty of this study is all asthmatic patients in Tehran. our sample consisted of 100 participants who were selected by purposeful sampling method. A total of 100 patients with asthma were selected among outpatients of Masih Daneshvari Hospital. Participants included 52 women and 48 men. Their mean (±SD) age was 36.12 (±9.82) years. Sociodemographic data were collected and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), Asthma Self-efficacy Scale (ASES), and Asthma Control Test (ACT) were applied. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS ver. 16.0.
Results: The results indicated that there were negative significant relationships between perceived stress, dimension of external control (chance) and asthma control, but positive significant relationships between self-efficacy and asthma control. In regression analysis, the perceived stress was the predictor of asthma control.
Conclusion: In this study, our findings suggest that perceived stress has an important role in the development and maintenance of asthma symptoms. In addition, self-efficacy and a tendency to externally attribute the locus of control (chance) are significantly associated with asthma control.
Mehrnaz Yekta, Reza Rostami, Elham Fayyaz,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (7-2015)
Abstract
Objective: Recent studies on treating obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have investigated noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to improve patients’ impaired emotion and cognition. However, such experiments have yielded mixed results, especially with respect to cognition. This study aimed to investigate whether anodal and cathodal tDCS applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would improve decision making and reduce obsession symptoms in patients with OCD.
Methods: the current study is analysis of variance. In this regard, 20 patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (n=20) were randomly assigned to receive either experimental (active) or control (sham) tDCS. To measure cognitive functions, the participants underwent a series of decision making neuropsychological tasks to measure obsession symptoms, the Yale-brown
obsessive compulsive and Beck anxiety scale (BAI) were used. The parameters of active tDCS included administration of 2 mA for 20 minutes per day for 15 consecutive days, anode electrode over the right DLPFC (F4), and cathode electrode over the left DLPFC (F3) region.
Results: After 10 sessions of anodal and cathodal tDCS, patients showed significant improvement in decision making tasks. The same results were observed for obsession symptoms.
Conclusion: The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0.0 software, using analysis of variance methods.This study demonstrated that anodal tDCS over left DLPFC, concurrent with cathodal tDCS over right DLPFC, improved cognitive impairment and reduced obsession symptoms in patients with OCD.
Mehdi Mehraban Eshtehardi, Hassan Shams Esfandabad, Peyman Hassani Abharian,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to compare prospective and retrospective memory impairment and attention deficit in people suffering from chronic low back pain with those cognitive functions in healthy subjects. Furthermore, this study examines the relation between severity and duration of pain and prospective and retrospective memory impairment and attention deficit.
Methods: The research was a causality-comparative study. Using convenience sampling method, 53 male patients and 53 healthy male individuals were selected. The participants were asked to fill out prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire and pain numeric rating scale (NRS). In addition, a continuous performance test was performed. The study hypotheses were tested using two independent group T-test and the Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS 22 with the significant level of 0.05.
Results: The results showed that there was significant difference between the 2 groups of participants regarding prospective memory, but no significant difference regarding retrospective memory. With respect to hypotheses, significant difference was found between the two groups regarding attention. And finally results of the study did not show any relation between duration
and intensity of pain with impairment in prospective and retrospective memory and attention.
Conclusion: The prospective memory impairment and attention deficits are associated with chronic low back pain. In general, hronic pain is associated with cognitive impairment.
Zahra Akbari Yeganeh, Behrouz Dolatshahee, Ebrahim Rezaee Dogaheh,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Objective: Current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback training on decreasing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans.
Methods: The present study is an experimental research with pretest, posttest, and control group design. Patients with PTSD were randomly selected by purposive sampling method and assigned in experimental (15 persons) and control groups (15 persons). Data were collected by the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL). After the pretest, experimental group
received neurofeedback training for 20 sessions, 3 days per week. Groups were evaluated for intensity of symptoms by PCL questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by SPSS version 22.
Results: The results of covariance test showed that there are differences between adjusted mean of PTSD symptoms in groups in posttest by removing the impact of pretest scores.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that neurofeedback training has significantly decreased the score of total symptoms (F=22.506, P<0.001).
Neda Rastegar, Behrouz Dolatshahi, Ebrahim Rezaee Dogahe,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of neurofeedback training on improving sustained attention of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Methods: The research design is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The study population consisted of the veterans with PTSD who were hospitalized in psychiatric wards. Purposeful sampling method was done to select 30 patients in psychiatric hospitals of Sadr, Delaram, and Parsa during spring, summer, and autumn of 2014 by considering their
arrivals and departures. Then, they were randomly assigned into 2 experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). The neurofeedback training by alpha-theta protocol was administered to the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any neurofeedback training. The sustained attention was measured by continuous performance test (CPT). After that, the data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: The results showed that neurofeedback training significantly increased the omission errors (P<0.001, F=17.074), commission errors (P<0.001, F=18.515), and reaction times (P=0.044, F=4.511) in sustained attention and reduced correct detection.
Conclusion: According to the findings, the relation between alpha and theta waves, and based on underlying principles, neurofeedback treatment has achieved acceptable results.
Mohammad Narimani, Elnaz Ensafi, Nastaran Mohajeri Aval,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2018)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatments in adults with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Methods: A total of 9 studies were selected, and meta-analysis was done on them. The data were gathered from the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, SID based on methodological conditions, topic and research design, and the effect size of each study was calculated.
Results: The combined effect size of all the indicators was found to be significant according to Cohen’s table, which means large or high effect size. The combined effect size for inattention is ES=0.0575 (P=0.0013), for impulsivity is ES=0.605 (P=0.0037), for hyperactivity is ES=0.545 (P=0.0384), for hyperactivity/impulsivity is ES=0.510 (P=0.001), and for total ADHD is ES=0.630 (P=0.0038).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, neurofeedback treatment was found to have a large effect in reducing ADHD symptoms in adults with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.
Elham Moosavian, Seyedeh Fereshteh Nejati,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2018)
Abstract
Objective: Depressed patients harbor maladaptive schemas that distort social reality and impaired facial expression recognition. Thus, this study aims at identifying specific associations among depressive symptoms, early maladaptive schemas, and patterns of for recognizing facially expressed emotions.
Methods: 100 subjects diagnosed with depressive symptoms were selected from a larger statistical population on the basis of purposive sampling. The Schema Questionnaire - Short Form, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the facial affect recognition test were administered to the subjects. The binomial regression model was used.
Results: Statistical analysis indicated that some early maladaptive schemas and depression exerted significant effects on the recognition of fear and neutral emotions. Depression also led to improved recognition of sadness and anger.
Conclusion: We concluded that maladaptive schemas and impairments in emotion recognition are interrelated and both domains are likely to contribute to depressive symptoms. The results are expected to improve our understanding of the social cognitive deficits in depressed patients at the schema and emotion recognition levels.
Sepideh Batebi, Behrooz Dolatshahi, Mojtaba Azimian,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract
Objective: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) could cause various emotional symptoms due to the damages imposed on the temporal lobe. This study aimed at comparing emotional processing between patients with early- and late-onset TLE and a healthy group.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, after a definitive diagnosis of TLE, 60 patients were compared with 60 healthy controls without any epilepsy to identify emotional-processing styles in them. The research instruments were the Emotional Processing Scale and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)-based psychiatric interview. The obtained data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance by SPSS.
Results: The present study results suggested significant differences in emotional processing between the investigated epileptic and non-epileptic groups (P<0.01). Besides, emotional processing indicated significant differences in intrusion, the lack of attunement, and dissociation subscales between patients with early-onset TLE, compared to those with late-onset TLE.
Conclusion: The obtained data revealed more emotional processing dysfunction in patients affected by TLE, compared to the non-epileptics. Besides, in some subscales of emotional processing, there was more malfunctioning in the early-onset TLE group, compared to the late-onset TLE group.
Mrs Fatemeh Fallah, Dr Yasser Rezapour-Mirsaleh, Dr Fatemeh Behjati, Mrs Faezeh Hatamian, Mrs Maryam Akbari,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Objective: Social anxiety is one of the most prevalent issues leading to significant functional and behavioral disorders in children. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback intervention on the behavioral performance of children with social anxiety disorder (SAD).
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a time series design and control group. The statistical population included all 6-8-year old children with SAD (according to the clinical interview and the cut-off score in Leibovitz’s social anxiety questionnaire) referring to the Ziai Counseling Clinic in Meybod City, Iran. A total of 10 children were selected by convenient sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 16 sessions of neurofeedback intervention, while the control group received no special intervention. Goodman’s abilities and problems questionnaire was used to measure children’s behavioral performance in five phases, pre-test, fourth, eighth, and twelfth sessions of the intervention phase, and post-test. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements.
Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in behavioral performance; additionally, in the experimental group, a significant difference was observed between the scores of behavioral performances in different phases of measurement, but this difference did not exist in the control group.
Conclusion: The neurofeedback intervention is effective in improving the behavioral performance of children with SAD and can be used as a complementary treatment alongside other psychological and drug treatments for these children.
Sayedeh Elham Sharafi, Mohammadreza Shegarf Nakhaei, Ali Taj,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (10-2024)
Abstract
Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder, in which an individual suffers from severe weight loss, and disturbed physical and psychosocial functioning. It was previously diagnosed and reported in Western countries but its prevalence is on the rise in a Middle East country like Iran. This study aims to introduce a patient with AN with hyperprolactinoma.
Methods: This study is a case report. A single, educated but not currently employed 32-year-old female patient was admitted with the chief complaint of a locked knee, weakness, and lethargy; she was hospitalized in the hematology ward due to electrolyte and hematological complications and then referred to the psychiatric service due to severe weight loss.
Results: The etiology and severity of the disorder were evaluated; psychiatric, electrolyte, cardiopulmonary, endocrine, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematological, and renal systems were assessed. Low-calorie intake was considered according to the latest guidelines, which prevented relevant complications and caused the patient’s optimal compliance with treatment.
Conclusion: AN is not necessarily caused by the patient’s body image, and physicians are advised not to rely on such misconceptions for diagnosis. Also, according to the results, the relationship between AN and hyperprolactinoma and pituitary microadenoma is observed. The measures taken led to the patient’s optimal compliance with the treatment.
Alireza Karimpourvazifehkhorani, Majid Mahmoodalilou, Paria Davatgari, Saba Aslanabadi, Sanam Asadi Faezi, Hossein Kamalighasemabadi, Bahar Dehghanpour Hanzaei, Fatemeh Sadat Raeisian,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Objective: Emotional granularity refers to the ability to recognize and distinguish between different emotional states, allowing individuals to respond appropriately to situations and manage their emotions more effectively. One of the main problems in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the lack of clarity and emotional awareness that causes vulnerability to PTSD and the persistence of its symptoms. The present study aims to investigate the role of emotional granularity in vulnerability to PTSD.
Methods: The present study used a descriptive and correlational research design. The statistical population included PTSD patients referred to Roozbeh Hospital. The sample size of the research was 205 people. To collect data, the Mississippi scale for PTSD, positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and semantic similarities test were used. Also, multiple regressions were used to analyze data using SPSS software, version 26.
Results: The components of emotional granularity explain 32.7% of PTSD variance. Among the components of emotional granularity, the components of positive affect (β=-0.312), and semantic similarities (β=-0.379) had significant and inverse effects (P<0.01) on PTSD. Also, components of negative emotion (β=0.304), lack of emotional clarity (β=0.382), and lack of emotional awareness (β=0.362) had a significant and direct effect (P<0.01) on PTSD.
Conclusion: Emotional granularity is one of the essential factors in predicting vulnerability to PTSD because high emotional granularity is associated with greater clarity, awareness, and emotional differentiation. Low emotional granularity is associated with a need for more differentiation and emotional clarity and as a result, expressing emotions in the form of vocabulary.
