Showing 13 results for Trauma
Samira Lotfi, Behrooz Dolatshahi, Parvaneh Mohammadkhani, Marilyn Campbell, Ebrahim Rezaei Dogaheh,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (10-2014)
Abstract
Objective: Bullying and peer victimization in school are serious concerns for students, parents, psychologists, and school officials around the world. This descriptive study examined bullying/victimization among Iranian students and the relationship between bullying and trauma symptoms.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research and descriptive correlative study. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children (TSCC-A) were administered to 591(325males and 266 females) students aged 10 to 14 year.
Results: The results revealed that 38.4 % of students reported bullying behavior. In addition, victims had the highest level of depression, anxiety, and anger compared to uninvolved students. Bullies were not related to trauma symptoms.
Conclusion: Conclusions include detailed recommendations for further empirical studies.
Zahra Akbari Yeganeh, Behrouz Dolatshahee, Ebrahim Rezaee Dogaheh,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Objective: Current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback training on decreasing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans.
Methods: The present study is an experimental research with pretest, posttest, and control group design. Patients with PTSD were randomly selected by purposive sampling method and assigned in experimental (15 persons) and control groups (15 persons). Data were collected by the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL). After the pretest, experimental group
received neurofeedback training for 20 sessions, 3 days per week. Groups were evaluated for intensity of symptoms by PCL questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by SPSS version 22.
Results: The results of covariance test showed that there are differences between adjusted mean of PTSD symptoms in groups in posttest by removing the impact of pretest scores.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that neurofeedback training has significantly decreased the score of total symptoms (F=22.506, P<0.001).
Neda Rastegar, Behrouz Dolatshahi, Ebrahim Rezaee Dogahe,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of neurofeedback training on improving sustained attention of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Methods: The research design is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The study population consisted of the veterans with PTSD who were hospitalized in psychiatric wards. Purposeful sampling method was done to select 30 patients in psychiatric hospitals of Sadr, Delaram, and Parsa during spring, summer, and autumn of 2014 by considering their
arrivals and departures. Then, they were randomly assigned into 2 experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). The neurofeedback training by alpha-theta protocol was administered to the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any neurofeedback training. The sustained attention was measured by continuous performance test (CPT). After that, the data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: The results showed that neurofeedback training significantly increased the omission errors (P<0.001, F=17.074), commission errors (P<0.001, F=18.515), and reaction times (P=0.044, F=4.511) in sustained attention and reduced correct detection.
Conclusion: According to the findings, the relation between alpha and theta waves, and based on underlying principles, neurofeedback treatment has achieved acceptable results.
Shahin Sadeghi, Behrooz Dolatshahi, Abbas Pourshahbaz, Majid Zarei, Maryam Kami,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (7-2017)
Abstract
Objective: The present research aimed to study the relationship between traumatic experiences and somatic symptoms severity in students.
Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. The study population included all students of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The study sample consisted of 264 healthy adult university students, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Participants were asked to fill out two self-report measures: Patient Health Questionnaire Physical Symptoms and Traumatic Experiences Checklist. The study data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. All analyses were conducted using SPSS20.
Results: Based on the obtained results, a significant relationship was found between traumatic experiences and somatic symptoms severity (P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis indicated that emotional neglect significantly predicted 23% of somatic symptoms severity (P<0.001). In addition, no significant correlation was found between physical abuse, sexual abuse, sexual harassment, and emotional abuse with somatic symptoms severity.
Conclusion: Study results indicated that traumatic experiences, especially emotional neglect, are important in the prediction of somatic symptoms severity.
Abdulaziz Aflakseir, Fatemeh Manafi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract
Objective
The current study aimed at exploring posttraumatic growth and its relationship with cognitive emotion regulation strategies among a group of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Shiraz, Iran.
Methods
The convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 92 patients diagnosed with MS from the MS society in Shiraz in 2014. Two research questionnaires including Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) were completed by the participants. The Spearman correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data with SPSS version 16.
Results
The findings showed that a majority of patients with MS experienced some degree of posttraumatic growth. The participants scored high on satisfaction with life followed by spiritual change, personal strength, new possibilities, and relating to others. With regard to cognitive emotion regulation variables, only reappraisal (P<0.002) and positive refocusing (P<0.001) significantly predicted posttraumatic growth.
Conclusion
The current study demonstrated that patients who used positive refocusing and reappraisal were more likely to experience posttraumatic growth.
Negin Ansari, Shima Shakiba, Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, Parvaneh Mohammadkhani, Sarah Aminoroaya, Naser Sabzainpoor,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract
Objective: Many people, especially women, indulge in eating unhealthy food to cope with stress. Emotional eating may contribute to obesity and different eating disorders like bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the role of emotion dysregulation in emotional eating behavior.
Methods: A sample of 700 adults between the ages of 18 to 50 years was selected via purposeful sampling method. The participants completed Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Results: Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant and positive correlation between emotion dysregulation and emotional eating behavior (r=0.30; P<0.001). Also, there was a significant and positive correlation between childhood trauma and emotional eating behavior (r=0.19; P<0.001). The results of regression analysis also showed that emotion dysregulation is the strongest predictor of emotional eating behavior.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that emotion dysregulation is a key mechanism in the development of emotional eating in individuals.
Ali Bahari, Mahsa Akbarian Firoozabadi, Shahram Mohammadkhani,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2019)
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the roles of maternal care and overprotection. We also explored how they are combined to develop rumination as well as various childhood traumas and parenting styles as the risk factors for depression.
Methods: This was a retrospective study with a causal-comparative design. In total, 175 students with the ِMean±SD age of 21±2.75 years (age range: 18-35 years) affiliated to Alborz Medical University, Tehran University, and Kharazmi University have been selected using purposive sampling method. They completed the 2nd version of Beck Depression Inventory, Ruminative Response Scale, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), path analysis, mediation analysis, and correlation calculations, in SPSS and AMOS.
Results: The mediating role of rumination in respect of parenting styles (P<0.02) and depression (P<0.001) was statistically significant. Moreover, parenting styles and childhood traumas, and their interaction may lead to the development of rumination and depression (P<0.001). The pathways of the effects were different; limited mother’s care plays an indirect role in this process. This indicates that it will lead to depression and rumination only if emotional abuse is experienced in childhood. However, overprotection can directly lead to these conditions.
Conclusion: Paying attention to parenting styles, childhood traumas, and their interaction to prevent rumination and depression is important. This is due to the identified direct and indirect effects of parenting behaviors.
Hesam Shahmoradi, Abbas Masjedi-Arani, Maryam Bakhtiari, Imaneh Abasi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Objective: Self-harming behavior is a major clinical issue in adolescenc. Childhood trauma, emotion dysregulation, and Self-criticism are the main concerns associated with self-harming behavior. In this study, we investigated the relationship between childhood trauma, emotion dysregulation, and Self-criticism with self-harming behaviors among adolescents in Iran.
Methods: A sample of 558 (263 girls and 295 boys) middle school-aged adolescents (aged 13–17) was recruited. Participants had at least one self-harming behavior in their clinical records. Self-harm Inventory (SHI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Levels of Self-criticism questionnaire (LOSC) were completed online.
Results: Findings of step by step regression revealed a significant relationship between childhood trauma, emotion dysregulation, and Self-criticism with self-harming behaviors. More specifically, childhood trauma (β=0.253, t=6.42), emotion dysregulation (β=0.135, t=2.77), and Self-criticism (β=0.345, t=8.67) predicted self-harming behaviors.
Conclusion: Our findings provided a therapeutic insight to prevent suicide and other related destructive behaviors among adolescents.
Masumeh Shafiei, Somayeh Daneshvar, Sajjad Basharpour, Mina Taherifard,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Objective: The present study was done to compare emotional and affective temperament in trauma-exposed women with and without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) following intimate partner violence.
Methods: A total of 195 trauma-exposed women with and without PTSD participated in this study, and completed the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS). Collected data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA).
Results: The mean scores of the group with PTSD were significantly higher compared to the group without PTSD in the overall scores of affective temperament, including cyclothymic, depressive, anxious, apathetic, Volatile, Dysphoric, obsessive, euthymic, disinhibited, euphoric, and also the emotional temperament, including anger and sensitivity.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that emotional and affective temperament can increase the risk of developing PTSD following exposure to intimate partner violence.
Mahdi Amini, Mohsen Roshanpajouh, Iman Hamraz, M. Amin Abdolahpur,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (1-2023)
Abstract
Objective: Polysubstance use as a severity index in individuals with substance abuse disorder is associated with various psychological, social, cultural, and genetic factors. This research aims to examine the predictive role of personality traits, personality functions, traumatic life events, and emotion-regulation difficulties in polysubstance use and the severity of dependence.
Methods: A total of 300 subjects (75.2% male) with the mean age of 40.07 years and standard deviation of 12.26 were chosen via the available sampling method. The subjects included individuals abusing one substance (30.6%), a group abusing multiple substances (37.5%), and a nonclinical group (31.7%). The participants completed the questionnaires of short-form personality inventory based on The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, levels of personality functioning scale, dysfunctional emotion regulation scale, and life events checklist.
Results: The results of ranked regression and structural equation modeling indicated that the variables of personality traits (2.69), emotional regulation strategies (2.04), personality functioning (1.17), and stressful factors (1.65) had a significant role in predicting drug abuse.
Conclusion: Personality affects all life dimensions. Emotion regulation strategies, by affecting maladaptive traits, especially negative affectivity and antagonism, as well as personality functions can predispose the person to polysubstance use.
Melina Jafarzade, Azra Mohammadpanah Ardakan, Yasser Rezapour Mir Saleh,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (7-2023)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of play therapy combined with a traumatic cognitive-behavioral approach on the symptoms of trauma and the feeling of loneliness of the victims of sexual abuse.
Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all sexually-abused Afghan girls. Of whom 20 individuals were selected using the available sampling method. To conduct the questionnaire, the experimental and control group participants were examined before and after the experiment. Data were collected using Asher and Wheeler’s child trauma symptoms scale and the child loneliness scale presented by Foa et al. The assessment program consisted of 14 sessions for the treatment group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using covariance analysis.
Results: By controlling the effect of the pre-test, a significant difference was observed between the mean scores of participants’ trauma symptoms and the mean scores of participants’ loneliness in terms of group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results revealed that the play therapy combined with the cognitive-behavioral trauma-oriented treatment resulted in reduced trauma symptoms but not loneliness in these children.
Coresponding author: Azra Mohammadpanah Ardakan, E-mail: azramohammadpanah@ardakan.ac.ir
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Milad Shirkhani, Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf, Majid Moeenizadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (7-2023)
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) severity based on childhood traumatic experiences through the mediating role of self-criticism.
Methods: This descriptive correlation study was done using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included adults living in Mashhad in 2021, aged from 18 to 50 years with access to the Internet. Of these, 340 individuals were selected as a sample using the available method. Data were collected using the Yale-Brown obsessive scale (Y-BOCS), the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), and the levels of self-criticism questionnaire LOCS. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling method using SPSS software version 26 and AMOS software, version 24.
Results: Results showed a significant correlation between childhood traumatic experiences (r=0.51) and self-criticism (r=0.57) with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P<0.01). Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the model of the present study had an acceptable fitness and the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (χ2/df≤3) was significant (0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, traumatic childhood experiences are able to predict and affect the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms through interaction with self-criticism.
Coresponding author: Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf, E-mail: aghamohammadian@um.ac.ir
You can also search for this author in: PubMed
Alireza Karimpourvazifehkhorani, Majid Mahmoodalilou, Paria Davatgari, Saba Aslanabadi, Sanam Asadi Faezi, Hossein Kamalighasemabadi, Bahar Dehghanpour Hanzaei, Fatemeh Sadat Raeisian,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Objective: Emotional granularity refers to the ability to recognize and distinguish between different emotional states, allowing individuals to respond appropriately to situations and manage their emotions more effectively. One of the main problems in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the lack of clarity and emotional awareness that causes vulnerability to PTSD and the persistence of its symptoms. The present study aims to investigate the role of emotional granularity in vulnerability to PTSD.
Methods: The present study used a descriptive and correlational research design. The statistical population included PTSD patients referred to Roozbeh Hospital. The sample size of the research was 205 people. To collect data, the Mississippi scale for PTSD, positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and semantic similarities test were used. Also, multiple regressions were used to analyze data using SPSS software, version 26.
Results: The components of emotional granularity explain 32.7% of PTSD variance. Among the components of emotional granularity, the components of positive affect (β=-0.312), and semantic similarities (β=-0.379) had significant and inverse effects (P<0.01) on PTSD. Also, components of negative emotion (β=0.304), lack of emotional clarity (β=0.382), and lack of emotional awareness (β=0.362) had a significant and direct effect (P<0.01) on PTSD.
Conclusion: Emotional granularity is one of the essential factors in predicting vulnerability to PTSD because high emotional granularity is associated with greater clarity, awareness, and emotional differentiation. Low emotional granularity is associated with a need for more differentiation and emotional clarity and as a result, expressing emotions in the form of vocabulary.
