Showing 14 results for Self-Efficacy
Ali Zadeh-Mohammadi, Alireza Abedi, Fereshteh Moradi-Panah,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (1-2013)
Abstract
Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of group narrative therapy on enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy of 20 Iranian male orphan adolescents (13-18 years of age).
Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. Then, a 10-week group therapy was performed. Outcome measures included the Rosenberg selfesteem inventory and the Scherer self-efficacy scale questionnaires.
Results: Results of analysis of covariance revealed that narrative therapy led to significant increase in the self-esteem and self-efficiency of the participants.
Conclusion: It as an effective therapy for orphan or traumatic adolescents. It is also suggested that narrative therapy can provide a useful clinical framework for therapists and clients to solve adolescents’ problems.
Hadise Heydari, Behrooz Dolatshahi, Alireza Mahdaviani, Alireza Eslaminejad,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (4-2015)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prediction of asthma control on the basis of
perceived stress, locus of control, and self-efficacy in adult patients with asthma.
Methods: This was a descriptive-correlative and cross-sectional study.The solecty of this study is all asthmatic patients in Tehran. our sample consisted of 100 participants who were selected by purposeful sampling method. A total of 100 patients with asthma were selected among outpatients of Masih Daneshvari Hospital. Participants included 52 women and 48 men. Their mean (±SD) age was 36.12 (±9.82) years. Sociodemographic data were collected and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), Asthma Self-efficacy Scale (ASES), and Asthma Control Test (ACT) were applied. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS ver. 16.0.
Results: The results indicated that there were negative significant relationships between perceived stress, dimension of external control (chance) and asthma control, but positive significant relationships between self-efficacy and asthma control. In regression analysis, the perceived stress was the predictor of asthma control.
Conclusion: In this study, our findings suggest that perceived stress has an important role in the development and maintenance of asthma symptoms. In addition, self-efficacy and a tendency to externally attribute the locus of control (chance) are significantly associated with asthma control.
Gholamreza Rajabi, Arash Jelodari,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Objective: This study is an attempt to investigate validity and reliability of the Persian version of Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale-Female functioning in volunteer married women in married dormitories and non-dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, Iran.
Methods: The current study is descriptive of type survey. The sample consisted of 160 volunteer married women in married dormitories and non-dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, who were selected by a convenience sampling method and a structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV-TR after voluntary obtaining informed consent. They completed 37-item Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale-Female Functioning (SSES-F). The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis by SPSS-PC (v.16).
Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis on SSES-F identified 4 factors. Cronbach´s α coefficients was α=0.93 for the entire measure (28 items), with alphas ranging from 0.80 to 0.92 for the individual factors.
Conclusion: Given the validity and reliability of the SSES-F Scale, with regard to the validity and reliability of the SSES-F, this scale can be used in clinical settings and research studies, particularly in prevention and increasing the competence of legal marital relations.
Fatimah Hatami, Leila Ghahremani, Mohammad Hossein Kaveh, Sarah Keshavarzi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract
Objective: Self-awareness is the ability to accurately perceive the aspects of our personality, behavior, emotions, and otivations. It is the foundation of all kinds of emotional restraints. Moreover, the feeling of having control over everything is associated with improved mental health. Self-awareness skills are characterized as a set of coping and self-management skills that increase self-efficacy.
Methods: This semi-experimental randomized controlled study was conducted on 80 individuals divided into an intervention and a control group. All 80 subjects were selected from 150 eligible orphaned adolescents under the coverage of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation. The educational intervention was conducted through five 120-minute sessions. simple random sampling and were divided into two groups using balanced block randomization The data were collected using selfawareness and self-efficacy questionnaires and then were analyzed by SPSS version 19.
Results: The results showed a significant difference between the 2 groups regarding self-efficacy and self-awareness scores before and then 1 and 6 weeks after the intervention (P<0.001). The intervention group’s mean(SD) scores of self-awareness were 27.00(2.97), 34.1(2.09), and 34.55(2.04) in the pretest, first posttest (1 week after the intervention), and second posttest (6 weeks after the intervention), respectively. Also, the intervention group’s mean(SD) scores of self-efficacy were 26.00(19.56), 164.55(19.56), and 173.66(15.84) in the pretest, first posttest, and second posttest, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that self-awareness training directly increased selfawareness skills and self-efficacy. Thus, self-awareness skills training with painting approach is effective in promoting self-awareness and self-efficacy among adolescents.
Sahar Safarzadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract
Objective: This research aimed to investigate the relationship of family affective climate, self-effectiveness, and personal-social adjustment variables with academic achievement of university students in Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch, Ahvaz, Iran.
Methods: The research sample included 300 individuals (150 females and 150 males) who were selected through random stratified sampling method. California personal-social adjustment, Scherer and Adams self-effectiveness, and family’s affective climate questionnaires were administered to collect the data. Correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were used for analyzing the data.
Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that there is a significant relationship between variables of family’s affective climate, personal and social adjustment, and self-effectiveness with academic achievement of students (P<0.001). Furthermore, the results of linear regression analysis indicated that the variables of self-effectiveness, personal and social adjustment, and family’s affective climate were significant predictors of academic achievement.
Conclusion: Improving student’s self-effectiveness, personal-social adjustment, and family’s affective climate may have positive influences on their academic achievement.
Farhad Ghadiri Sourman Abadi, Karim Abdolmohamadi, Jalil Babapur Kheiradin, Ezatolah Ahmadi,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (10-2016)
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and alexithymia with vulnerability to drug abuse among students.
Methods: The study method was descriptive and correlational. In this study, 483 male high-school students from Salmas City, Iran were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. All participants completed the Toronto alexithymia scale, general self-efficacy scale, a questionnaire to identify people at risk of addiction. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.
Results: Based on the study findings, self-efficacy has the greatest ability to predict vulnerability to addiction. Next comes alexithymia which positively predicts vulnerability to addiction.
Conclusion: The present study showed that low self-efficacy and failure to understand and express emotions can play important roles in the tendency of young people to drug addiction. Accordingly, clinicians can prevent the tendency of young people to addiction with improving the self-efficacy and enhancing the ability of individuals to control the emotions.
Raziyeh Alsadat Makkiyan, Mahmoud Malekitabar, Kumars Farahbakhsh,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (10-2016)
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between attachment styles and self-efficacy in blind and non-blind female high school students in Tehran.
Methods: The statistical population consisted of all female students studying in grades one or two in Tehran girl’s high schools, in the academic year 2014. The study design was causal-comparative, conducted on 120 subjects consisting of 60 blind girls selected through convenient sampling method and 60 non-blind girls selected through randomized clustering sampling method. Data were collected through two questionnaires of attachment styles of Collins and Read (1990) (RAAS) and self-efficacy scale (SEQ-C) of Muris. To analyze the data, descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of variance) were used.
Results: The study results indicated a significant difference between blind and non-blind students’ efficacy and attachment styles. Avoidance attachment style as well as emotional, social, and public efficacy of these two groups revealed no significant difference. Moreover, the results indicated a significant difference between anxiety attachment style and emotional, social, and public efficacy of these two groups (P>0.05). Finally, a significant difference was observed between secure attachment style and emotional, social, and general efficacy of blind and non-blind students.
Conclusion: The blind and non-blind students are significantly different with regard to anxiety and secure attachment styles. However, their emotional, social, and academic self- efficacy seems to be the same. Although there was a significant difference between blind and non-blind students with regard to attachment styles, a significant association was seen between different dimensions of self-efficacy of blind and non-blind students (P<0.05).
Esmaeil Asadpour, Maryam Sadat Hosseini,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (10-2018)
Abstract
Objective: This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive group therapy on self-efficacy and depression among divorced women.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. In this study, all divorced women referring to Hazrate Zeinab Charity Institution in Varamin City, Iran were considered as the statistical population with a sample size of 30 subjects who were selected via purposive sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). A weekly cognitive group therapy was applied to the experimental group for 12 sessions, but the control group was placed on the waiting list. Assessment instruments consisted of general self-efficacy scale and Beck depression questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariable analysis of covariance.
Results: Cognitive group therapy led to significant increase in self-efficacy (df=1, P<0.05, F=66.05) and significant decrease in depression (df=1, P<0.05, F=108.65) among divorced women.
Conclusion: According to the results, cognitive group therapy is an effective way of decreasing depression and increasing self-efficiency in divorced women.
Alia Saberi, Sajjad Rezaei, Fatemeh Shabani, Samaneh Ghorbani Shirkouhi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2019)
Abstract
Objective: Headache is one of the common complaints of referral patients. The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with headache is significant. The previous researches suggested the role of self-efficacy of pain in modifying psychological symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. The current study aimed at investigating the role of self-efficacy beliefs of pain in psychiatric symptoms and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic headache.
Methods: The current descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 106 patients with chronic primary headache referred to neurology clinics of Guilan University of Medical Sciences from September 2016 to March 2017. Patients responded to questions of pain self-efficacy beliefs scales, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed by multivariate hierarchical regression.
Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed a reverse and significant relationship between pain self-efficacy beliefs and pain severity (r=-0.25, P=0.009). In the regression analysis, after controlling demographic variables, self-efficacy beliefs were able to predict the pain severity scale (F=4.570, P=0.035) and anxiety (F=4.414, P=0.038). There was also a significant non-linear quadratic correlation between the severity of pain with headache frequency (F=3.377, P=0.038).
Conclusion: Self-efficacy beliefs are more correlated with the reduction of the severity of pain in chronic headache and can predict it. It seems that these types of beliefs can play a protective role against anxiety and headache frequency in patients with chronic headache.
Leila Salek Ebrahimi, Gholamreza Ahmadi, Abbas Masjedi Arani, Seyedeh Elnaz Mousavi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2019)
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to predict internet addiction based on general self-efficacy, difficulty in emotion regulation, and resilience in medical students.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population included all medical students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The research sample consisted of 96 medical students selected by random sampling method in 2018. Data collection was performed by Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale, Gramat’s and Roemer’s Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and Young’s Internet Addiction Test.
Results: To analyze the obtained data, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the stepwise regression model were used. The obtained results suggested a significant relationship between internet addiction and general self-efficacy, difficulty in emotion regulation, and resiliency (P<0.05). Additionally, general self-efficacy, difficulty in emotion regulation, and resilience are able to predict 27% of internet addiction variance in medical students.
Conclusion: To prevent and reduce the harm of internet addiction in students in stressful events, they should be trained to improve their resilience, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation skills.
Afsane Shokri, Reza Kazemi, Mohammad Narimani, Somayye Taklavi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (4-2020)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the mother’s mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive emotion regulation training on externalizing disorder and self-efficacy of aggressive children.
Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design and a control group. The study population (N=540) included all female students in the primary schools in Namin City, Iran in 2018 with their mothers. A multistage clustering random sampling was used to choose the students under study, and a total of 217 students were selected as the samples and the aggression questionnaire was completed by the teachers. Of these students, 79 students who scored high on the Shahim’s aggression scale were selected as aggressive students and 60 mothers of these students were selected by considering the inclusion criteria and were assigned randomly in three groups of 20 mothers each. The mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive emotion regulation training were executed in the experimental groups in 8 sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. Before and after the intervention, all three groups responded to Shahim’s relational aggression scale, Sherer and Adam’s general self-efficacy, and Achenbach and Rescolar’s child behavior checklist. The obtained data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.
Results: The calculated values showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was more effective (P>0.05) than cognitive emotion regulation training.
Conclusion: the findings of this study suggest that mother’s mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be an effective intervention in reducing externalizing disorders and increasing self-efficacy in aggressive children.
Roghieh Nooripour, Simin Hosseinian, Maryam Sobhaninia, Nikzad Ghanbari, Saba Hassanvandi, Hossein Ilanloo, Keyvan Kakabraee,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Objective: Given the importance of COVID-19 consequences and students’ health, this study aimed to predict the fear of COVID-19 based on spiritual well-being and self-efficacy among Iranian university students by focusing on the mediating role of mindfulness.
Methods: This study was a descriptive correlational study. An online sampling method was used, and the sample included 396 university students in Tehran City, Iran. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), general self-efficacy scale, fear of COVID-19 scale, and Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual well-being scale were used for data collection. An independent t test, the Pearson correlation, and the regression test were used to analyze the obtained data.
Results: The results show that the overall effects of religious well-being (β=-0.192, P=0.001), existential well-being (β=-0.227, P=0.001), and self-efficacy (β=-0.093, P=0.013) were significant. The indirect effects of religious well-being (β=-0.026, P=0.001), existential well-being (β=-0.013, P=0.016), and self-efficacy (β=-0.04, P=0.001) were significant, too. The direct effects of religious well-being (β=-0.253,P=0.001), existential well-being (β=-0.205, P=0.016), and self-efficacy (β=-0.133, P=0.013) were significant, as well.
Conclusion: Spiritual well-being, self-efficacy, and mindfulness are associated with a reduction in perceived fear of COVID 19 in Iranian students, and mindfulness has a role in these relationships.
Shekoofeh Dadfarnia, Zahra Taherifar, Hojjatollah Farahani,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Abstract
Objective: According to cognitive models, maladaptive beliefs play a major role in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and can lead to dysfunctional behavioral reactions and emotion dysregulation. This study aims to examine emotion regulation strategies as a mediator in the relationship of beliefs about emotions and emotion regulation self-efficacy and social anxiety.
Methods: A total of 650 college students from Yazd University (Iran) were selected by cluster sampling and filled out the implicit theories of emotion scale (ITES; 2007), regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale (RESE; 1999), social interaction anxiety scale (SIAS; 1992), and the short-form cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ; 2002).
Results: The initial hypothesized model had a poor fit. By merging the manifest variables of refocus on planning with reappraisal, refocusing with putting into perspective (for adaptive emotion regulation), and combining rumination and catastrophizing (for maladaptive emotion regulation), the model fit was optimized, and all the direct paths became significant. The final model was a partial mediation model, confirming the adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies as a mediating role in the relationship of beliefs about emotions and emotion regulation self-efficacy and social anxiety.
Conclusion: The results showed that beliefs about emotions affect the utilization of efficient emotion regulation strategies and can be a risk factor for social anxiety.
Coresponding author: Shekoofeh Dadfarnia, E-mail:
Sh.dadfarnia@yazd.ac.ir
You can also search for this author in: Google scholar
Atiyeh Aghakeshmiri, Ali Akbar Soleimanian, Zeinab Golpich,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (4-2024)
Abstract
Objective: This study develops an integrative parenting program for adoptive families.
Methods: Qualitative and quantitative elements were combined using a mixed-method design. The parenting program for adoptive families was developed through a common elements approach. It took three main steps: Identifying interventions with high efficacy, assessing supporting materials, and surveying experts to reach an agreement. Next, a single-subject, multiple baseline design was used to determine the effectiveness of the developed program on parenting self-efficacy and stress. The research instruments included parenting stress index-short form (PSI-SF) and parental self-agency measure. The participants were two adoptive mothers and one adoptive father chosen through convenience sampling. The parents participated in nine sessions and completed the questionnaires three times before the sessions, five times during the sessions, and three times after the sessions. Visual analysis was performed at two levels, including within-condition and between-condition levels.
Results: In the qualitative phase, 44 concepts and nine categories were obtained by examining 15 parenting programs. The leading nine categories were as follows: Rebuilding attachments, enhancing the spouse subsystem, rebuilding the family structure, improving parenting self-efficacy, emotional-cognitive regulation, managing children’s behavior, laying the groundwork for integrated child development, promoting the child’s social health, and improving the child’s self-esteem. The results showed that this program was highly effective in reducing the parenting stress of the first and second participants and increasing the self-efficacy of all participants.
Conclusion: Families with adopted children experience unique parenting circumstances due to their different structures. This study identified the common elements of the interventions proposed in previous studies and integrated them into a comprehensive protocol to improve adoptive parents’ parenting. Based on this integrated view, all cognitive processes, behavioral, emotional, and systemic in parenting are considered. This program could help adoptive parents maintain or increase their parenting competency and stress management.
