Showing 6 results for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Mohammad Ali Besharat, Mohammad Atari, Roghyeh Sadat Mirjalili,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (10-2019)
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed at examining worry, cognitive avoidance, intolerance of uncertainty, and metacognitive beliefs, as transdiagnostic factors, in clinical samples with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
Methods: In total, 200 patients (66 with GAD, 74 with OCD, and 60 with comorbid GAD and OCD) were selected to participate in this study using the purposeful sampling method. The participants completed the Penn State worry questionnaire, cognitive avoidance questionnaire, intolerance of uncertainty scale, and metacognitive beliefs questionnaire.
Results: The findings showed no significant difference between patients with GAD and OCD in total scores of these constructs; however, the patients with comorbidity of GAD and OCD showed significantly higher scores in these measures (P<0.01) compared with the patients with GAD or OCD.
Conclusion: These cognitive factors are possible transdiagnostic factors shared between GAD and OCD. Moreover, they considerably increase when GAD and OCD co-occur.
Giti Shams, Imaneh Abasi, Youness Youssefi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (4-2020)
Abstract
Objective: Recent developments in cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder posits that nearly everyone experiences unwanted intrusive thoughts, images, and impulses from time to time. The intrusions are not particularly a problematic issue; it is more probably an interpretation or attempts to control in maladaptive or unrealistic ways. So, the present article aimed to assess the nature, prevalence, appraisal, and control strategies of intrusions in the Iranian population.
Methods: We employed the international intrusive thoughts interview schedule in a sample of Iranian university students (n=50) selected by the convenient sampling method.
Results: Nearly all participants (100%) reported experiencing at least one type of unwanted intrusive thoughts during the previous three months. The highest prevalence of Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts (UITs) belonged to the doubt category, and a large proportion of other UITs were also detected. However, the lowest prevalence of UITs was observed in the sexual and victim categories, respectively. In all of the UIT categories, support for the importance of removing and frequency had the highest mean levels. The highest mean level of endorsement for frequency was for the doubt category. Victim category had the highest mean level for the importance of removing and mean levels of interference/distress, and difficulty removing were higher in the contamination category. Participants endorsed intolerance of anxiety, uncertainty, and responsibility more as a reason that they noticed the thought. Participants were more likely to use thought replacement, distraction, self-reassurance, and avoidance as thought control strategies. The results are discussed in terms of Iranian culture.
Conclusion: Unwanted intrusive thoughts are reported by the majority of individuals in all countries, and significant cross-cultural differences, which are apparent in primary intrusive thought content, appraisals, and control strategies, are specifically related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms distress.
Saeed Nasiry, Zahra Ameli, Pegah Pezeshki,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Abstract
Objective: Numerous children with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) either have no access to its main treatment, i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), or fail to respond to it. Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation (CBMI) is a novel and promising intervention that targets the incorrect interpretation of intrusive thoughts and impulses, i.e. the characteristics of OCD. The present study aimed to determine the effects of CBMI in children with OCD for the first time. Besides, we evaluated the possibility of online implementation of this intervention.
Methods: A sample of 35 children with OCD (aged 7-12 years) were randomly assigned to two study groups. The experimental group (n=18) received CBMI and the controls (n=17) received placebo treatment. Interpretation bias and OCD severity were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up stages, using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCICV), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-Child Version (OBQCV), and Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST). The present study results were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Paired Samples t-test.
Results: The collected findings demonstrated that after receiving CBMI, children’s propensity to positively interpret ambiguous situations was increased, their tendency towards negative interpretation and OCD severity was also decreased. There was no such significant change in the control group. Furthermore, the effects of CBMI was sustained at the 2-month follow-up step.
Conclusion: This study provided preliminary evidence that suggests CBMI is capable of modifying interpretation bias in children with OCD, can reduce the severity of their disorder, and works as an online intervention. This brief and inexpensive intervention could be considered as an auxiliary or standalone treatment for OCD in children.
Javad Abbasi Jondani,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of our lives and even the scientific fields. Most of the COVID-19 preventative strategies, such as basic hygiene, are similar to concerns of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, especially those with contamination fears. The obsessive-compulsive (OC) questionnaires typically have several items about basic hygiene. The contamination/cleaning/washing subscales of all well-known OC questionnaires were inspected in terms of their similarity to the COVID-19 preventative strategies. In this paper, I discussed the way this similarity may threaten the validity of OC questionnaires along with the potential solutions.
Hooshang Esmaili, Nemat Sotoudehasl, Raheb Ghorbani, Maryam Maheri,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: The use of rTMS, a form of brain stimulation, has shown to be successful and authorized for treating individuals with OCD. The study aimed to comparison of the effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and drug therapy on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Methods: The study adopted a quasi-experimental method and a pre-post control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all patients referred to specialized clinics in regions 2, 3, and 7 of Tehran from July to September 2022. Study participants included 45 obsessive-compulsive disorder who were selected purposefully and were assigned to two experimental groups (rTMS: 15 participants, Drug therapy: 15 participants), and a control group: 15 participants. The rTMS treatment sessions was three sessions a week for four weeks. Therefore, rTMS treatment was performed with the parameters specified below regarding the variables of the present study. For obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the supplementary motor area with a frequency of 1 Hz (HZ) for 20 minutes, 1200 pulses and the F3 and F4 areas were worked with the tablets. The MCMI-III or Checklist-90-Revision pre and post interventions measured. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software version 26 with an analysis of covariance test.
Results: findings showed that the differentiation between the treatment technique of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and drug administration is significant in obsessive-compulsive disorder (P=0.0001). The decrease in obsessive-compulsive disorder based on considered repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was more than the drug therapy group(P=0.0017).
Conclusions: This study revealed that rTMS is an effective neurostimulation therapy for OCD. Therefore, rTMS provides better results in terms of treatment effectiveness and clinical response rate. Furthermore, drug treatment appears to have a significant therapeutic effect. In subgroup analysis, it was found that DLPFC stimulation and inhibition produced better treatment effects.
Sepideh Tamrchi, Mahtab Rabiee, Behrouz Dolatshahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (4-2024)
Abstract
Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and debilitating mental disorder that can manifest in various themes. Recently, studies have identified relationship OCD (ROCD) as a subtype of OCD in which obsessions and compulsions revolve around romantic relationships comprising the relationship (relationship-centered) or the romantic partner (partner-focused). This study investigates the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between parenting styles and different presentations of ROCD, including relationship-centered and partner-focused.
Methods: A total of 453 participants completed partner-related obsessive-compulsive Symptoms inventory, relationship obsessive-compulsive inventory, parental authority questionnaire, and Toronto alexithymia scale-20. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 26, and the Amos software, version 24.
Results: The results demonstrated that the authoritarian parenting style has a significant positive relationship with relationship-centered and partner-focused obsession compulsion (OC) symptoms at a significance level of 0.01. Furthermore, the relationship between all three types of parenting styles, including authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive, with relationship-centered and partner-focused obsessions and compulsions symptoms, was mediated by alexithymia at the 0.05 significance level. Also, the fit indices suggested that the model has an acceptable overall fitness.
Conclusion: Parenting styles are related to ROCD symptoms through the mediating role of alexithymia, and this model can facilitate the etiology of ROCD symptoms and is used to design interventions and early identification of high-risk individuals.
