Methods: This was a descriptive-correlative and cross-sectional study.The solecty of this study is all asthmatic patients in Tehran. our sample consisted of 100 participants who were selected by purposeful sampling method. A total of 100 patients with asthma were selected among outpatients of Masih Daneshvari Hospital. Participants included 52 women and 48 men. Their mean (±SD) age was 36.12 (±9.82) years. Sociodemographic data were collected and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), Asthma Self-efficacy Scale (ASES), and Asthma Control Test (ACT) were applied. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS ver. 16.0. 

Results: The results indicated that there were negative significant relationships between perceived stress, dimension of external control (chance) and asthma control, but positive significant relationships between self-efficacy and asthma control. In regression analysis, the perceived stress was the predictor of asthma control. 

Conclusion: In this study, our findings suggest that perceived stress has an important role in the development and maintenance of asthma symptoms. In addition, self-efficacy and a tendency to externally attribute the locus of control (chance) are significantly associated with asthma control.

Objective: Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder results from a deficient in synthesis of a protein needed for blood clotting. The number of people with hemophilia in the United States is about 20,000. Iran having the ninth largest Hemophilia population in the world. Hemophilia lead to many psychological and physiological complications. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on the Life expectancy as one of psychological aspects in hemophilia students. 
Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental interventional study along with experimental and control groups. The subjects were evaluated in the pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up. Study population including all senior elementary and junior high school students with hemophilia who had medical records in Zahedan Hemophilia Society. After screening, 60 students were selected and randomly assigned into two 30-member groups of experimental and control. The research tool was Snyder Children’s Hope Scale questionnaire (1991). Positive psychotherapy workshop was held in 8 sessions (Two 120 minutes sessions weekly) and follow-up test was done two months after the end of the last training session. The obtained information was analyzed through repeated measurement variance. 
Results: The results show significant effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on increasing Life expectancy in patients with hemophilia and indicated the durability of this therapy in the follow-up stage. In this research we highlighted the need for training and using positive psychotherapy as a new, safe and effective psychological therapy for student suffering Hemophilia. 
Conclusion: We emphasize for the implication of this study result and method by clinicians and policy makers to manage psychological problems of students suffering from Hemophilia.

Objective: Attitude toward dying and death is a conceptual response to the various aspects of death, which is based on an individual’s psychosocial and cultural experiences. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Multidimensional Orientation toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F) among Iranian students.
Methods: A total of 320 subjects were selected from students in universities of Tehran in the academic year 2016-2017, using the convenience sampling method. The study data were collected using the following instruments: the MODDI-F, the Existential Anxiety Scale (EAS), the Oxford happiness questionnaire, the general health questionnaire, and the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Data analyses were performed by factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient in SPSS v. 22.
Results: Factor structure was assessed using the confirmatory factor analysis. The proposed model for the MODDI-F with 8 factors had a good fit to the data. Besides, the reliability of the MODDI-F was assessed using Cronbach alpha and test-retest reliability coefficients. The Cronbach alpha values of higher than 0.7 were found for all of the subscales, except for death denial. Moreover, using the Pearson correlation coefficient, significant relationships were found between the scores on the factors of the MODDI-F and scores on convergent and divergent factors of other questionnaires, indicating the convergent and divergent validity of the inventory.
Conclusion: MODDI-F enjoys acceptable psychometric properties regarding the ease of administration, scoring, and interpretation, as well as the suitable validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Thus, researchers can safely use it in their studies.