en رويكرد عصب زيست شناختي Approach to biological neural كاربردي Applicable <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to evaluate the effect of neurofeedback training on improving&nbsp;sustained attention of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> The research design is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group.&nbsp;The study population consisted of the veterans with PTSD who were hospitalized in psychiatric&nbsp;wards. Purposeful sampling method was done to select 30 patients in psychiatric hospitals of&nbsp;Sadr, Delaram, and Parsa during spring, summer, and autumn of 2014 by considering their<br> arrivals and departures. Then, they were randomly assigned into 2 experimental (n=15) and&nbsp;control group (n=15). The neurofeedback training by alpha-theta protocol was administered to&nbsp;the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any neurofeedback training. The&nbsp;sustained attention was measured by continuous performance test (CPT). After that, the data&nbsp;were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that neurofeedback training significantly increased the omission&nbsp;errors (P<0.001, F=17.074), commission errors (P<0.001, F=18.515), and reaction times&nbsp;(P=0.044, F=4.511) in sustained attention and reduced correct detection.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the findings, the relation between alpha and theta waves, and based&nbsp;on underlying principles, neurofeedback treatment has achieved acceptable results.&nbsp;</p> Neurofeedback, Sustained attention, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Veterans 97 104 http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-325-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Neda Rastegar neda.rastegar62@gmail.com No Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran. Behrouz Dolatshahi dolatshahee@yahoo.com Yes Department of Clinical Psychology, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ebrahim Rezaee Dogahe No Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.