en رويكرد عصب زيست شناختي Approach to biological neural پژوهشي Original Research Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective:</strong> The present study aimed to compare prospective and retrospective memory&nbsp;impairment and attention deficit in people suffering from chronic low back pain with those&nbsp;cognitive functions in healthy subjects. Furthermore, this study examines the relation between&nbsp;severity and duration of pain and prospective and retrospective memory impairment and&nbsp;attention deficit.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> The research was a causality-comparative study. Using convenience sampling&nbsp;method, 53 male patients and 53 healthy male individuals were selected. The participants were&nbsp;asked to fill out prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire and pain numeric rating&nbsp;scale (NRS). In addition, a continuous performance test was performed. The study hypotheses&nbsp;were tested using two independent group T-test and the Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS&nbsp;22 with the significant level of 0.05.&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that there was significant difference between the 2 groups of&nbsp;participants regarding prospective memory, but no significant difference regarding retrospective&nbsp;memory. With respect to hypotheses, significant difference was found between the two groups&nbsp;regarding attention. And finally results of the study did not show any relation between duration<br> and intensity of pain with impairment in prospective and retrospective memory and attention.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The prospective memory impairment and attention deficits are associated with&nbsp;chronic low back pain. In general, &nbsp;hronic pain is associated with cognitive impairment.&nbsp;</p> Chronic pain, Prospective memory, Attention, Low back pain 283 291 http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-309-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mehdi Mehraban Eshtehardi m.mehraban.esh@gmail.com No Department of General Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. . Department of General Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. Hassan Shams Esfandabad hshams1333@gmail.com Yes Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran. Peyman Hassani Abharian abharian1972@yahoo.com No Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran