Cultural Validation of ICD-11 and DSM-5 Personality Models: Evidence From PiCD-11 and PID-5 in Iran 2 2 Objective: The dimensional approaches to personality disorders (PDs) proposed in ICD-11 and DSM-5 were developed to address limitations of traditional categorical classifications. Despite growing interest in these models, cross-cultural evidence from non-Western populations remains limited. Methods: The present study examined the psychometric characteristics of the personality inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) and evaluated its associations with external variables in comparison with the personality inventory for DSM-5–brief form (PID-5-BF) within an Iranian sample. Participants included 347 university students from Tehran (61.9% female), consisting of 206 non-clinical and 141 help-seeking individuals. Participants completed the PiCD, PID-5-BF, BFI-10, LPFS-BF 2.0, SCL-25, BIS-11, and CAB. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), correlation analyses, and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results: The PiCD demonstrated acceptable reliability and supported a five-factor structure following the removal of four items. PiCD domains were significantly associated with personality dysfunction, psychological distress, impulsivity, and externalizing behaviors. Negative affectivity was most strongly related to anxiety and depression, whereas disinhibition showed stronger associations with impulsivity and externalizing tendencies. Regression analyses indicated that PiCD domains explained meaningful variance in psychological and behavioral outcomes. Overall, the PiCD and PID-5-BF showed broadly comparable patterns of associations with external measures. Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary support for the reliability and structural validity of the ICD-11 dimensional personality trait model in an Iranian sample. The results also suggest considerable overlap between the ICD-11 and DSM-5 dimensional frameworks in the assessment of maladaptive personality traits and related psychopathology. 197 210 2026/02/5 1404/11/16 2026/05/19 1405/2/29 Mahdi Amini Mahdi Amini Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mahdi.amini@gmail.com M. Amin Abdolahpur M. Amin Abdolahpur Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanistic and Social Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. amir.abdolahpur@gmail.com Iman Hamraz Iman Hamraz Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. iman.hamraz@gmail.com Batool Ahadi Batool Ahadi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. batool.ahadi@gmail.com Mitra Aghajani Mitra Aghajani Sharif University of Technology Counseling Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. mitra.aghajani@gmail.com Mahdi Askaripoor Mahdi Askaripoor Counseling Center of Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. mahdi.askaripoor@gmail.com Ali Ghaedniay Jahromi Ali Ghaedniay Jahromi Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Ali.Jahromi@gmail.com Mozhgan Lotfi Mozhgan Lotfi Department of Mental Health, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran lotfi.mo@iums.ac.ir ICD-11 DSM-5 AMPD Personality disorders (PDs) PiCD PID-5 Dimensional assessment ## ##

Mediating Role of Spirituality in Perceived Social Support, Resilience and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents 2 2 Objective: The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of spirituality in the relationship between perceived social support and resilience and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Methods: This study utilized an analytical–correlational design with structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the mediating role of spirituality in the relationship between perceived social support, resilience, and suicidal ideation among adolescents. The sample consisted of 270 students (167 girls and 103 boys) from Ardabil, selected through convenience sampling during the 2024–2025 academic year. Data were collected using validated questionnaires, including the Beck’s suicide ideation questionnaire, the perceived social support scale, the Connor-Davidson resilience scale, and the Hall and Edwards spirituality assessment scale. SPSS software, version 27 and AMOS software, version 24 were used for data analysis, and all ethical guidelines, including informed consent and confidentiality, were strictly followed. Results: The results indicated significant direct and indirect relationships among the study variables. Spirituality was positively influenced by both perceived social support (P<0.001) and resilience (P<0.001), while it negatively predicted suicidal ideation (P<0.001). Moreover, perceived social support (P=0.001) and resilience (P<0.001) were found to negatively affect suicidal ideation, with spirituality playing a significant mediating role in these relationships. The bootstrap analysis confirmed the significance of the indirect effects of social support and resilience on suicidal ideation through spirituality (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights the significant mediating role of spirituality in the relationship between perceived social support, resilience, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. These findings underscore the importance of spiritual factors in mental health interventions. 211 224 2026/02/52026/04/19 1405/1/30 2026/05/192026/06/13 1405/3/23 Mohammadreza Noroozi Homayoon Mohammadreza Noroozi Homayoon Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. mohammadreza.noroozi@uma.ac.ir Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran e.sadri@uma.ac.ir Ali Sheykholeslami Ali Sheykholeslami Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. sheykholeslami@uma.ac.ir Vahid Abbasi Vahid Abbasi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran V.abbasineuro@gmail.com David Lester David Lester Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Stockton University, Galloway Township, United States. david.lester@stockton.edu Spirituality Perceived social support Resilience suicidal ideation Adolescents ## ##

Effect of Logotherapy Intervention on Death Anxiety, Pain Catastrophizing, and Hope in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis 2 2 Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition that is often accompanied by significant emotional and psychological challenges, including profound existential concerns and maladaptive cognitive patterns related to pain and suffering. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a logotherapy-based intervention on death anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and dispositional hope among patients with MS. Methods: This study utilized a randomized controlled trial (RCT) featuring pre- and post-intervention assessments along with a control group. The participants were patients with MS who visited the neurology outpatient clinic at Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2025. Thirty eligible patients with MS were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). Participants in the intervention group took part in ten weekly 60-minute logotherapy sessions. The control group did not receive any additional psychological intervention and continued with their routine medical care during the study period. Measurements were obtained using the death anxiety scale, the pain catastrophizing scale, and the adult hope scale. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA and follow-up ANCOVA in SPSS software, version 27. Results: Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group demonstrated statistically significant reductions in death anxiety and pain catastrophizing, alongside a substantial increase in hope scores (P<0.001). Conclusion: Logotherapy is an effective psychological approach for improving mental health outcomes in patients with MS. It successfully reduces dysfunctional cognitive responses to pain and alleviates death-related fears while simultaneously enhancing a sense of meaning and hope in life. 225 232 2026/02/52026/04/192026/02/1 1404/11/12 2026/05/192026/06/132026/05/9 1405/2/19 Hoda Amerikhah Hoda Amerikhah Department of Psychology, Ahv.C., Islamic Aza5d University, Ahvaz, Iran. hamediizr@gmail.com Zahra Dasht Bozorgi Zahra Dasht Bozorgi Department of Psychology, Ahv.C., Islamic Aza5d University, Ahvaz, Iran. dashtbozorgi.z@iau.ac.ir Logotherapy Death anxiety Pain catastrophizing Hope Multiple sclerosis (MS) ## ##

Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Intervention and Self-compassion-based Intervention in Reducing Perceived Stress and Body Mass Index and Promoting Lifestyle in Obese Women 2 2 Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of self-compassion-based intervention (SCBI) and mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on perceived stress, body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle in obese women. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test–post-test control group design was conducted. Participants were 60 Iranian-Canadian obese women (BMI≥30 kg/m²) recruited from a family counseling center in Toronto, Canada, in 2024 using purposive sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to an MBI group (n=20), an SCBI group (n=20), or a control group (n=20). The intervention groups received eight 90-minute psychological intervention sessions, while the control group received no intervention during the study period. Data were collected using the lifestyle questionnaire (LSQ), the perceived stress scale (PSS), and BMI measurements. Multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA) were conducted, controlling for pre-test scores. A post-hoc power analysis using G*Power software, version 3.1 was performed to evaluate statistical power. Results: After controlling for baseline scores, both MBI and SCBI led to significant improvements in perceived stress, BMI, and overall lifestyle compared to the control group (P<0.001). Between-group comparisons indicated a significant difference between SCBI and MBI in reducing perceived stress, with SCBI demonstrating greater reductions (P<0.001). In contrast, MBI resulted in a significantly greater reduction in BMI compared to SCBI (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two interventions in overall lifestyle improvement (P=0.875). Conclusion: Both MBI and SCBI are effective psychological interventions for improving psychological and weight-related outcome (BMI) among obese women. While SCBI appears more effective for stress reduction and social health, MBI demonstrates greater effectiveness in BMI reduction and health-related behavioral domains. These findings highlight the complementary roles of mindfulness and self-compassion approaches in obesity management. 233 248 2026/02/52026/04/192026/02/12025/12/20 1404/9/29 2026/05/192026/06/132026/05/92026/01/27 1404/11/7 Ezzatollah Kordmirza Nikoozadeh Ezzatollah Kordmirza Nikoozadeh Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. kordmirza@pnu.ac.ir Masoomeh Abbasi Masoomeh Abbasi Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. masoumehabasi@student.pnu.ac.ir Mahdieh Rahmanian Mahdieh Rahmanian Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. m.rahmanian@pnu.ac.ir Mindfulness Self-compassion lifestyle Stress Body mass index (BMI) Women Obesity ## ##

A Text-based Support Package for Adolescents at Risk of Suicide: A Feasibility Study 2 2 Objective: Adolescent suicide represents a major public health challenge and highlights the need for culturally adapted preventive interventions. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the “Pure Farm” text-based intervention package designed to support adolescents with suicidal ideation or a history of suicide attempts. Methods: This descriptive feasibility study was conducted in two phases. The Pure Farm package included structured therapeutic writing exercises and guided reflection activities intended to support emotional expression, cognitive processing, and coping among at-risk adolescents. In phase 1, 11 mental health specialists evaluated the feasibility of the package using the Shalani feasibility scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post hoc tests. In phase 2, 18 social workers involved in post-suicide attempt helpline services assessed feasibility using the 9-item World Health Organization (WHO) feasibility checklist. Results: On the Shalani scale, the overall feasibility of the package was rated as moderate to high (Mean±SD, 3.3±0.7). The highest mean scores were observed for acceptability and suitability (3.5) and generalizability (3.47), while the lowest score related to resources and implementation (2.95). ANOVA indicated significant differences among professional groups (F2, 8=70.54, P<0.001), with psychiatrists assigning lower feasibility ratings compared with psychologists and other specialists. In phase 2, the mean feasibility score based on the WHO checklist was 3.98±0.59, and 77.8% of respondents agreed with the overall feasibility of the package. Conclusion: The Pure Farm intervention was perceived by professionals and social workers as acceptable, culturally relevant, and potentially generalizable. However, the small sample size and reliance on expert self-report assessments limit generalizability. Further pilot implementation and effectiveness studies with adolescents are recommended to evaluate practical outcomes. 249 258 2026/02/52026/04/192026/02/12025/12/202026/02/12 1404/11/23 2026/05/192026/06/132026/05/92026/01/272026/05/9 1405/2/19 Mohammad Saadaat Mohammad Saadaat Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Msaadaat@mail.um.ac.ir Hamid Yaghubi Hamid Yaghubi Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University,Tehran, Iran. Yaghubi@shahed.ac.ir Seyed Kazem Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaei Seyed Kazem Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaei Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Rasool1340@um.ac.ir Neda Okhravi Neda Okhravi Health Deputy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Okhravi@mums.ac.ir Maryam GilanPour Maryam GilanPour Worker House University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. Adolescent suicide attempt Suicide prevention Text-based intervention Suicidal ideation Adolescent mental health ## ##

Comparison of Family Communication Patterns and Emotional Atmosphere in Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Families 2 2 Objective: Grounded in family systems theory, this study compared family communication patterns (conversation and conformity orientations) and emotional atmospheres between families with a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient and healthy control families. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional comparative design, an a priori powered sample of 80 participants (40 clinically stable MS patients, 40 healthy individuals) was recruited. To mitigate convenience sampling bias, groups were statistically adjusted for demographic covariates. Participants completed culturally validated Persian versions of the Koerner & Fitzpatrick revised family communication patterns scale and the Hill-Burns family emotional atmosphere questionnaire. Results: Families of individuals with MS exhibited significantly lower conversation orientation (P<0.05, Cohen’s d=0.54) and a more negative family emotional atmosphere (P<0.05, d=1.01) compared to healthy controls, demonstrating moderate to large clinical effect sizes. However, conformity orientation did not differ significantly between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The chronic burden of MS profoundly disrupts open family communication and emotional atmosphere. While the cross-sectional design limits definitive causal inferences, the substantial effect sizes underscore a clear clinical necessity for systemic family therapy and targeted psychosocial interventions to foster resilience in MS-affected households. 259 270 2026/02/52026/04/192026/02/12025/12/202026/02/122026/02/22 1404/12/3 2026/05/192026/06/132026/05/92026/01/272026/05/92026/04/27 1405/2/7 Alireza Bahrambeig Alireza Bahrambeig Department of Counseling, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza4bahrambeyk@gmail.com Mohammad Saeed Khanjani Mohammad Saeed Khanjani Department of Counseling, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran sa.khanjani@uswr.ac.ir Parvin Jafari Parvin Jafari Department of Counseling, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran pa.jafari@uswr.ac.ir Razieh Bidehendi Yarandi Razieh Bidehendi Yarandi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Social Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ra.bidhendi@uswr.ac.ir Multiple sclerosis (MS) Family communication patterns Family emotional atmosphere ## ##

Problem-solving Styles and Death Anxiety in University Students: The Mediating Role of Academic Procrastination 2 2 Objective: Death anxiety is an important existential concern that can affect students’ psychological well-being and academic functioning. This study examined whether academic procrastination (TPS) mediates the association between problem-solving styles (PSS) and death anxiety among university students. Methods: A descriptive–correlational, cross-sectional design was used. A total of 500 undergraduate students completed self-report measures of PSS, TPS, and death anxiety (DAS). Structural equation modeling techniques, specifically a two-step approach comprising confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis, were conducted. Bootstrapping procedures were applied to test indirect effects. Results: The hypothesized mediation model demonstrated acceptable fit. Maladaptive PSS were associated with higher TPS, and higher procrastination was associated with higher death anxiety. The indirect effect of maladaptive PSS on death anxiety through TPS was statistically significant. The direct effect also remained significant, indicating partial mediation. R² values indicated that the model accounted for a meaningful proportion of variance in TPS and a smaller, but still meaningful, proportion of variance in death anxiety. Conclusion: The findings are consistent with a cognitive–behavioral–existential framework in which maladaptive problem-solving patterns are associated with TPS, which in turn is related to elevated death anxiety. Because the data are cross-sectional, causal inferences cannot be made; nevertheless, the results suggest that integrating problem-solving training with approaches targeting task avoidance may be a relevant focus for addressing students’ existential and academic concerns in university counseling settings. 271 280 2026/02/52026/04/192026/02/12025/12/202026/02/122026/02/222026/02/20 1404/12/1 2026/05/192026/06/132026/05/92026/01/272026/05/92026/04/272026/06/6 1405/3/16 Erfan Ghaderian Erfan Ghaderian Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran fke.gh.821@gmail.com Saba Kaviani Saba Kaviani Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran sabakaviani35@gmail.com Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran m.b.kaj@edu.ui.ac.ir Academic procrastination (TPS) Death anxiety Problem-solving styles (PSS) Avoidance behavior University students Mediation model ## ##

Neurobehavioral Rehabilitation and Mental Imagery Therapy for Mania and Cognitive Avoidance in Bipolar Disorder 2 2 Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by severe mood fluctuations and maladaptive coping strategies, such as cognitive avoidance. This quasi-experimental study aimed to compare the effect of a neurobehavioral model-based psychological rehabilitation package and mental imagery-based therapy on manic symptom severity and cognitive avoidance in patients with BD. Methods: The study was conducted during the first half of 2025. Forty-five inpatients with BD at Golestan Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (n=15 each): Neurobehavioral rehabilitation, mental imagery-based therapy, and control. The experimental groups received eight 90-minute sessions. Data were collected using the mania symptom checklist (MSC) and the cognitive avoidance questionnaire (CAQ). Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used for data analysis. Results: Both interventions were associated with significant reductions in manic symptom severity compared to the control group (P<0.001), with no significant difference between the two experimental groups. Regarding cognitive avoidance, significant differences were observed across subscales (P<0.05), with the neurobehavioral rehabilitation package showing greater improvement than mental imagery-based therapy in four out of five subscales. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both neurobehavioral rehabilitation and mental imagery-based therapy may be beneficial as adjunctive interventions for reducing manic symptoms and cognitive avoidance in patients with BD. Larger controlled trials are needed to confirm these results. 281 290 2026/02/52026/04/192026/02/12025/12/202026/02/122026/02/222026/02/202026/04/20 1405/1/31 2026/05/192026/06/132026/05/92026/01/272026/05/92026/04/272026/06/62026/06/8 1405/3/18 Mahboubeh Bigdeli Mahboubeh Bigdeli Department of Psychology, Nae.C., Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran mahdiehnda@gmail.com Shahnaz Khaleghipour Shahnaz Khaleghipour Department of Psychology, Nae.C., Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran sh.khaleghipour@iau.ac.ir Mohammad Zare Neyestanak Mohammad Zare Neyestanak Department of Psychology, Nae.C., Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran zarehneyestanakm@gmail.com Bipolar disorder (BD) Psychotherapy Mental imagery Cognitive avoidance Rehabilitation ## ##