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Investigating the Effectiveness of Group Metacognitive Therapy on Internet Addiction and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Among Adolescents 2 2 Objective: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy on internet addiction and cognitive-emotional regulation among adolescents. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design that included pre-test s, post-tests, and follow-ups. In the 2020-2021 academic year, all the male adolescents in Qazvin City, Iran were included in this study. A total of 30 adolescents were randomly selected and assigned to intervention or control groups based on the convenience sampling method (n=15). We provided ten 90-min group metacognitive therapy sessions to the intervention group, while the control group received no intervention. The internet addiction questionnaire along with the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire was used to collect the data. We conducted the multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures, and Fisher least significant difference post hoc test via the SPSS software, version 26. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that group metacognitive therapy significantly affected adolescents’ internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation (P<0.05). In addition, the analysis revealed that internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation among adolescents were significantly different between intervention and control groups. The treatment remained unchanged at the follow-up stage (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended that school and family counselors be trained and given executive duties in group metacognitive therapy, which influences Iranian adolescents. These methods may assist overactive adolescents and their families in achieving their learning goals through empowerment, analysis, and interpretation workshops and meetings. 93 102 2022/12/6 1401/9/15 2022/12/28 1401/10/7 Roghieh Nooripour Roghieh Nooripour Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. Iran nooripour.r@gmail.com Mohammad Ali Nasershariati Mohammad Ali Nasershariati Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Aras Campus, Tehran, Iran. Iran ma.shariatei@ut.ac.ir Maryam Amirinia Maryam Amirinia Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Iran Hossein Ilanloo Hossein Ilanloo Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Iran hossein.elanlou@gmail.com Ahmad Habibi Ahmad Habibi Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran. Iran Ahmad.habibi.law@gmail.com Misagh Chogani Misagh Chogani Department of Communications and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Social Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Iran misaghi.chogani@gmail.com Metacognitive Internet addiction Emotion regulation Adolescent Abdi, S., Taban, S., & Ghaemian, A. (2012). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Validity and reliability of Persian translation of CERQ-36 item. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32, 2-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.001]##Alaca, N. (2020). The impact of internet addiction on depression, physical activity level and trigger point sensitivity in Turkish university students. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 33(4), 623-630. [DOI:10.3233/BMR-171045] [PMID]##Batmaz, S., Altinoz, A. E., & Sonkurt, H. O. (2021). 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Retracted Article: Investigating Psychic and Body Complications Caused by Inactivity Among Students of University During the COVID-19 Pandemic 2 2 Statement of Retraction: The Office of the Journal Practice in Clinical Psychology, owned by the University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences and published by the Negah Institute for Social Research & Scientific Communication (a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics, COPE), hereby retracts the following article: Homayounnia Firouzjah M, Pourazar M. Investigating Psychic and Body Complications Caused by Inactivity Among Students of University During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Practice in Clinical Psychology. 2023;11(2):103–116. doi:10.32598/jpcp.11.2.703.3 Received: 10 November 2022 Accepted: 29 November 2022 Reason for Retraction: Post-publication assessment established that the above article was submitted concurrently on 10 November 2022 to two journals and subsequently resulted in duplicate publication of the same study, dataset, methods, and results (with only minor editorial differences). The second publication is: Homayounnia Firouzjah M, Pourazar M, Nazari Kakvandi S. Mental and Physical Conditions Associated with Physical Inactivity Among Farhangian University Students During Virtual Classes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023;14:1094683. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1094683 Received: 10 November 2022 Accepted: 20 February 2023 Concurrent submission and duplicate publication contravene the journal’s policies and internationally accepted publication ethics, including COPE guidance.  This retraction has been issued by the Publisher in agreement with the Editorial Board to safeguard the integrity of the scholarly record. The online article will remain accessible with a clear “Retracted” notice and a link to this statement.  Issued by: Office of the Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology, September 15, 2025 Abstract: Objective: The level of mobility and general health has decreased among students in virtual classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the mental and physical complications caused by inactivity among the students of Farhangian University during virtual classes.  Methods: This was survey research with a cross-sectional design. The statistical population included all male and female students studying at Farhangian University of Mazandaran Province, Iran. According to the determination of the sample size based on the Morgan table, 475 students, consisting of 214 females and 261 males, were randomly selected as the statistical sample of the study. The research instruments include the international physical activity questionnaire, Saehan Caliper (SH5020), the Coopersmith self-esteem scale (1967), the Beck depression questionnaire, and the Nordic skeletal and muscular disorders questionnaire. To analyze the data, we used the independent sample t test to compare the two groups. All analyses were conducted using the SPSS software, version 24. Results: The research findings showed that the average weekly activity level among women was 634±281 MET/min, and the average weekly activity level among men was 472 ±231 MET/min. In terms of fat percentage by gender, men’s average fat percentage was 21.47%±4.74%, and women’s average fat percentage was 31.55%±4.37%. Meanwhile, the self-esteem scores of male and female students were obtained at 29.72 and 29.43, respectively. The difference between the two was considered significant as P<0.05. In addition to these findings, the correlation between self-esteem and activity level was +0.41. On the other hand, 25(67%) female students and 12(32%) male students suffered from high depression.  Conclusion: Concerning students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings proved that both genders suffered from physical complications during virtual classes. This study suggests increasing the level of physical activity to reduce body fat mass, increase mental health, and reduce skeletal disorders, which can be properly accomplished through university planning and prioritizing the health of male and female students. 103 116 2022/12/62022/11/10 1401/8/19 2022/12/282022/11/29 1401/9/8 Morteza Homayounnia Firouzjah Morteza Homayounnia Firouzjah Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran. Iran Mortezahomayoun@cfu.ac.ir Morteza Pourazar Morteza Pourazar Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran. Iran mortezapourazar@gmail.com Activity Mental and physical complications Farhangian University COVID-19 ## ##

Investigating the Effectiveness of Transdiagnostic Treatment on Maladaptive Personality Traits and Mentalized Affectivity of Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comorbid With Depression: A Case Study 2 2 Objective: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment on maladaptive personality traits and mentalized affectivity of patients with generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with depression. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a single case method. The statistical population included people with generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with depression who were referred to counseling centers in Isfahan City, Iran in 2020. From this population, 5 people were selected via purposive sampling and they were intervened with transdiagnostic treatment through weekly sessions held individually. The subjects were assessed at the baseline, third, fifth, eighth, and tenth sessions, and during a 1-month follow-up period using the short version of the adult version of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, personality questionnaire, and the mentalized affectivity scale. To report the data, we used visual analysis, reliable change index, improvement percentage, and statistical and clinical significance. Results: The visual analysis, percentage of improvement, and reliable change index (RCI≥1/96), showed that transdiagnostic treatment created statistically significant changes and improvement in mentalized affectivity components, negative affectivity, and detachment; however, it did not have a significant effect on other personality traits (antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism). Conclusion: Transdiagnostic treatment is an effective treatment to modulate the mentalized affectivity, negative affectivity, and detachment of people with generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with depression. 117 130 2022/12/62022/11/102022/08/28 1401/6/6 2022/12/282022/11/292022/12/6 1401/9/15 Farzad Ghaderi Farzad Ghaderi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Iran ghaderi68@yahoo.com Nahid Akrami Nahid Akrami Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Iran n.akrami@edu.ui.ac.ir Koroosh Namdari Koroosh Namdari Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Iran k.namdari@edu.ui.ac.ir Ahmad Abedi Ahmad Abedi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. 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The Mediating Role of Postpartum Depression and Childbirth-related PTSD in the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Postpartum Bonding Among Mothers in Ahvaz City, Iran 2 2 Objective: Several studies have explored the correlation between postpartum depression and a weak mother-infant bond; however, fewer studies have analyzed how other postpartum mental health conditions, such as childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or important personal characteristics, including adult attachment styles, affect the quality of the mother-infant bond. This study aims to examine the association between attachment styles and postpartum bonding in mothers, considering the mediating influence of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. Methods: A total of 150 mothers, 4 to 12 weeks postpartum, completed a demographic questionnaire, the Edinburgh postpartum depression questionnaire, the posttraumatic stress questionnaire related to the birth of a child, the mother-child bonding questionnaire, and the attachment style questionnaire. The posttraumatic stress related to the birth of a child questionnaire was translated into Persian for the first time and was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The proposed model was examined by the structural equation modeling method. Results: The conceptual model’s results showed that the direct and standardized effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.49, P=0.001) and avoidant attachment style (β=0.47, P=0.001) on postpartum depression were significant. Also, the direct effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.59, P=0.001) on postpartum PTSD was significant. However, the coefficient of avoidant attachment style (β=-0.04, P=0.581) was not significant for postpartum PTSD. Also, the coefficients were investigated from the direct effect of postpartum depression, postpartum PTSD, anxious attachment style, and avoidant attachment style. The obtained results showed that postpartum depression (β=0.27, P=0.001), postpartum PTSD (β=0.43, P=0.001), and anxious attachment style (β=0.39, P=0.001) could predict the mother-child bond. However, the avoidant attachment style (β=0.00, P=0.946) could not predict the mother-child bond. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that insecure attachment styles were linked to challenges in forming a strong mother-infant bond. Anxious attachment was also associated with bonding difficulties, which were influenced by symptoms of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. In contrast, a higher degree of avoidant attachment style was associated with more significant difficulties in bonding, which were mediated by symptoms of depression. Accordingly, if interventions aim to enhance the mother-infant bond, treatment should focus on addressing childbirth-related PTSD, PPD symptoms, and insecure attachment styles. 131 140 2022/12/62022/11/102022/08/282022/10/23 1401/8/1 2022/12/282022/11/292022/12/62022/12/6 1401/9/15 Sara Bahrampour Sara Bahrampour Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. Iran s7bahrampour@gmail.com Azam Davoodi Azam Davoodi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. Iran davoodi.azam@yahoo.com Najmeh Fath Najmeh Fath Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. Iran najmehfath@yahoo.com Ghasem Naziri Ghasem Naziri Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. Iran aziryy@yahoo.com Postpartum depression PTSD Attachments Bonding ## ##

Investigating the Effectiveness of Verbal Self-education Training on Academic Procrastination and Symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescent Boys With Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 2 2 Objective: This research aims to study the effectiveness of verbal self-instruction training on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic procrastination in male teenagers with ADHD.  Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all male teenagers with ADHD in Tabriz City, Iran. A total of 30 male teenagers with ADHD were selected via the purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research tools were the child symptom inventory-4 questionnaire and the Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination scale. Descriptive statistical indices and the analysis of covariance tests were employed for data description and testing of the research hypotheses.  Results: The F ratio of the univariate analysis of covariance for dependent variables showed a significant difference in the variables of academic procrastination and ADHD symptoms between the experimental and the control (P>0.001) group. Accordingly, verbal self-instruction is effective in improving academic procrastination and ADHD.  Conclusion: The results showed that verbal self-instruction training affects symptoms of ADHD and academic procrastination. 141 150 2022/12/62022/11/102022/08/282022/10/232022/07/18 1401/4/27 2022/12/282022/11/292022/12/62022/12/62022/11/29 1401/9/8 Masoumeh Rostami Masoumeh Rostami Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Marand Branch Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran. Iran maasome.rostami@yahoo.com Saeed Bakhtiarpour Saeed Bakhtiarpour Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Iran saeedb81@yahoo.com Fariba Hafezi Fariba Hafezi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Iran Nmafrah@yahoo.com Farah Naderi Farah Naderi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Iran Febram315@yahoo.com Verbal self-instruction Symptoms of attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder Academic procrastination Garaaghaji, S., Vahedi, S., FathiAzar, E., & Adib, Y. (2016). [The effectiveness of educational interventions based on acceptance and therapeutic commitment on students’ academic procrastination (Persian)]. Journal of Development Psycology, 13(50), 199-207. [Link]##American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd Edition) (DSM-III). Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association. [Link]##Daunic, A. P., Smith, S. W., Brank, E. M., & Penfield, R. D. (2006). Classroom-based cognitive-behavioral intervention to prevent aggression: Efficacy and social validity. Journal of School Psychology, 44(2), 123-139. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.01.005]##Dayant, H., Hamide, Rezai, Mohammad, A., Taleepasand, & Far, M. (2018). [The predictive effect of self-regulation and academic self-efficacy on exam anxiety: Investigating the mediating role of academic procrastination (Persian)]. Journal of Education and Learning Studies, 9(2), 122-145. [DOI:10.22099/JSLI.2018.4733]##Devi, R., & Dhull, P. (2017). Procrastination: A behavior need to be changed to get success. International Education & Research Journal, 3(5), 475-476. [Link]##Karimi, V., Amini Mostafa Abadi, N. (2021). [Methods of academic evaluation in E-learning and its consequences on academic procrastination (Persian)]. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 12(3), 45-62. [Link]##Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (1997). Quick guide to using the youth’s inventory-4 screening kit. Stony Brook, New York: Checkmate Plus. [Link]##Gharibi, H., Gholizdeh, Z., Hekmati, E., & Rostami, Ch. (2017). [Comparative the efficacy of neurofeedback training and verbal self-instruction on reduce of attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms (Persian)]. Scientific-Research Quarterly Journal of Neuropsychology, 3(9), 117-132. [Link]##Hasar, S., Nikdel, F., & Kharamin, S. (2015). [The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral techniques training on procrastination, stress, anxiety and depression of high school female students (Persian)]. Armaghane Danesh, 19(12), 1105-1117. [Link]##Ismaeil, E., & Alipor, A. (2002). [A preliminary study on the reliability, validity and cut off points of the disorders of children symptom inventory-4 (CSI-4) (Persian)]. Journal of Exceptional Children, 2(3), 239-254. [Link]##Knopf, A. (2021). Why are younger children more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD? The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 37(1), 5-6. [DOI:10.1002/cbl.30515] ##Lesch, K. P. (2018). ‘Shine bright like a diamond!’: Is research on high‐functioning ADHD at last entering the mainstream? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(3), 191-192. [Link] ##Moradi, Hashemi, Valiollah, Beirami, Mansour, Keramati, & Hadi. (2009). [Comparing the effectiveness of self-regulation of attention behavior 1, self-regulation of motivational behavior 2 and verbal self-education 3 on the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 4 (Persian)]. New Psychological Research Quarterly, 4(13), 191-212. [Link]##Nielsen, T. C., Nassar, N., Shand, A. W., Jones, H., Guastella, A. J., & Dale, R. C., et al. (2021). Association of maternal autoimmune disease with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. 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[DOI:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020] [PMID]##Schraw, G., Wadkins, T., & Olafson, L. (2007). Doing the things we do: A grounded theory of academic procrastination. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(1), 12-25. [DOI:10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.12]##Sedgwick, J. A., Merwood, A., & Asherson, P. (2019). The positive aspects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A qualitative investigation of successful adults with ADHD. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 11(3), 241-253. [DOI:10.1007/s12402-018-0277-6] [PMID]##Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65-94. [DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65] [PMID]## ##

Investigating the Effective Factors in the Formation of Deliberate Self-harm in Adolescence: Mental Health Professionals’ Viewpoints 2 2 Objective: This study aims to investigate the issues related to the formation and persistence of deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescents from Iranian mental health professionals’ viewpoints.  Methods: The present qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to record the experiences of 9 mental health professionals with work experience in deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescence. The participants were selected via the purposive sampling method. The Sterling content analysis method was used to analyze the transcription of the interviews. Results: The semantic units of the interview were classified into 32 initial codes. The extracted sub-themes were as follows: A rejection of new identities, repression, the disintegration of social identity, materialism, economic poverty, unresolved parental conflicts, the lack of authority, the ambivalency between boundaries and freedom, shame, and guilt, blame, fear of harm, liberation, self-care, escape mechanism, and replacement, affect regulation, coping with self-disintegration and self-esteem, relationship conflicts with adults and peers, identity creation, identity disorder, boundless mental structure, lack of self-confidence, and distorted self-perception. The following four themes were categorized as subcategories of transformational injuries: Traumatic society, vulnerable family, interpersonal impact, and interpersonal effectiveness. Conclusion: Mental health specialists considered deliberate self-harm traumatic; however, they deem it for eliminating negative emotions and controlling the internal and external world of adolescents. Furthermore, they consider this behavior a reaction to cultural conflicts, cultural materialism, and the disintegration of identity and role during adolescence in families not being capable to facilitate low-risk transformation for adolescents because of economic and psychological factors. 151 166 2022/12/62022/11/102022/08/282022/10/232022/07/182022/05/13 1401/2/23 2022/12/282022/11/292022/12/62022/12/62022/11/292023/01/16 1401/10/26 Mehrnaz Yekta Mehrnaz Yekta Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Iran mehrnaz.yekta@gmail.com Mohammad Naghy Farahani Mohammad Naghy Farahani Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Iran mn.farahani@khu.ac.ir Hamid Khanipour Hamid Khanipour Psychological Studies Institute of Educational, Psychological and Social Research, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 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Profile of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: interface with impulsiveness and loneliness. Journal de Pediatria, 97(2), 184-190. [Link]##Duarte, E., Gouveia-Pereira, M., Gomes, H. S., & Sampaio, D. (2020). How do families represent the functions of deliberate self-harm? A comparison between the social representations from adolescents and their parents. Archives of Suicide Research, 24(sup1), 173-189. [DOI:10.1080/13811118.2018.1545713] [PMID] ##Eccles, J. S., Midgley, C., Wigfield, A., Buchanan, C. M., Reuman, D., & Flanagan, C., et al. (1993). Development during adolescence. The impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents' experiences in schools and in families.American Psychologist, 48(2), 90–101. [DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.48.2.90] [PMID] ##Fournier, L., & Malchair, A. (2017). Self-injuring, a symptom retaining our attention. Revue Medicale de Liege, 72(4), 199-204. [Link]##Fu, X., Yang, J., Liao, X., Lin, J., Peng, Y., & Shen, Y., et al. (2020). 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Investigating the Psychological Risk and Protective Factors Related to Fear of COVID-19 During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran 2 2 Objective: The current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with numerous psychological issues, such as anxiety and distress as a result of individual, health-related, social, and economic issues. This study aims to assess the general population in Iran for the negative impacts of the current pandemic on psychological well-being and to find possible protective and risk factors when facing such situations in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 317 people participated in an online survey in Iran from August 3, 2020, to September 20, 2020. Anxiety, depression, fear of COVID-19, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were evaluated.  Results: The results showed that measures that assess anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were significantly related to fear of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the results of regression analysis demonstrated that neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, and illness perception could predict fear of COVID-19 beyond and above anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Some factors, including neuroticism, illness perception, and intolerance of uncertainty are considered risk factors for mental health during this pandemic. 167 176 2022/12/62022/11/102022/08/282022/10/232022/07/182022/05/132022/07/27 1401/5/5 2022/12/282022/11/292022/12/62022/12/62022/11/292023/01/162022/09/24 1401/7/2 Imaneh Abasi Imaneh Abasi Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Iran abasi@sbmu.ac.ir Azin Farzin Azin Farzin Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Iran azinfarzings@gmail.com Amin Sohrabzadeh Fard Amin Sohrabzadeh Fard Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Iran sohrabzadhamin@yahoo.com Abbas Masjedi Arani Abbas Masjedi Arani Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Iran a.masjediarani@sbmu.ac.ir Hamid Poursharifi Hamid Poursharifi Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Iran ha.poursharifi@uswr.ac.ir Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, United States. United States Ali Mehrabi Ali Mehrabi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran. Iran COVID-19 Anxiety Neuroticism Intolerance of uncertainty Illness Perception ## ##

Investigating the Effectiveness of Cognitive Enhancement on Quality of Life in the Elderly With Mild Cognitive Impairment 2 2 Objective: Cognitive enhancement is a noninvasive brain treatment that has the potential to improve cognitive deficits in patients with symptoms of cognitive impairment, such as mild cognitive impairment. Studies have not investigated the effectiveness of this method on people’s quality of life; therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive enhancement on the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: As a quasi-experimental study, the authors utilized the pre-test-post-test design with follow-up. The statistical population of the study was elderly with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 40 senior patients with cognitive abnormalities who were referred to the Rehabilitation Clinic of the Payambaran Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, were picked at random and assigned into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of cognitive enhancement. To measure the variables, the LEIPAD QoLquestionnaire was employed. The data were analyzed using the two-way repeated measures analysis of variance via the SPSS software, version 25.  Results: In terms of the post-test quality of life, the results revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The QoLof the elderly with mild cognitive impairment was impacted by cognitive improvement. The follow-up studies also demonstrated that the observed disparities between the groups were persistent over time (P<0.05). Conclusion: In addition to affecting the cognitive abilities of the brain, cognitive enhancement can affect the QoLof the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. 177 186 2022/12/62022/11/102022/08/282022/10/232022/07/182022/05/132022/07/272022/12/9 1401/9/18 2022/12/282022/11/292022/12/62022/12/62022/11/292023/01/162022/09/242023/01/16 1401/10/26 Fardin Farmani Fardin Farmani Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Iran farmani_fardin@yahoo.com Hossein Pourshahriar Hossein Pourshahriar Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Iran hpoorshahriar@yahoo.com Vahid Nejati Vahid Nejati Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 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