@article{ author = {Rezayi, Saeed and Hasanzadeh, Saeed and Hejazi, Elahe}, title = {Social Cognition Interventional Program (SCIP) Based on the Theory of Mind (ToM) Effects on the Social Function of High- Functional Autistic Patients}, abstract ={Objective: The present study has been carried out to develop social cognition interventional program (SCIP) based on Theory of Mind (ToM), and to investigate its effects on High-Functional Autistic (HFA) Children;#39s Social function. Methods: Present study was completely experimental and its participants were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group (Among 14 HFA, 7 in experimental and 7 in controls were selected as a sample). Interventional programs were taught in 20 sessions. Scott- Bellini Autism Social Skills profiles (ASSP) were used as outcome measures. This profile had 45 Items with 4 subscales. The validity of this scale was confirmed by specialists and its reliability was estimated 0.940. Results: the gathered data were analyzed using repeated measures and analysis of variance. The results showed that SCIP had a significant effect on participant;#39s social function. Conclusion: Based on the results, SCIP may be effective in and increasing social function in participants with HFA, and it led to modify their relation in 3 levels: making, maintenance and development.}, Keywords = {Social cognition, Social function, High functional autism }, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-8}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Khanipour, Hamid and Borjali, Ahmad and HashemiAzar, Janet and HossainKhanzadeh, Abbas Ali}, title = {Comparison of Emotion Regulation Skills and Suicide Probability in Adolescents with Self-Harm}, abstract ={Objective: Self-harm was classified to show forms like non-suicidal self injury and indirect risky behaviors and drug abuse. The aims of this study were to compare suicidal tendencies indexes and difficulty in emotion regulation skills in mixed groups of adolescents with direct and indirect forms of self-harm. Methods: In a casual-comparative design from population of delinquent adolescents detained in Tehran correctional center and adolescents with histories of childhood maltreatment who lived in Iranian social welfare centers. 238 adolescents were selected. Then Groups based on direct and indirect self-harm were formed (control group, direct self-harm, indirect self-harm and mixed group). We used self-harm checklists, difficulties in emotion regulation checklist and suicide probability scale as instruments. Results: Suicide probability of adolescents in mixed group was significantly higher than that of all groups but there weren’t significant differences between direct and indirect self-harm. There weren’t significant differences between groups in emotion regulation skills (P<0.001). Scores of impulse control difficulty subscale in adolescents with direct self-harm were significantly higher than those of indirect self-harm group (P<0.001) but the scores of mixed group and direct self- harm in impulse control were equal. Suicide ideation of indirect self-harm group was as much as mixed group. Conclusion: Adolescents with direct and indirect self- harm were equally prone to suicide. These findings suggest that inability to impulse control and suicide ideation could be targets for decreasing suicide probability in adolescents with direct and indirect self-harm.}, Keywords = {Self-Harm, Suicidal tendencies, Emotion regulation}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Bigdeli, Imanollah and Abdollahpour, Afsaneh and MakvandHosseini, Shahrokh}, title = {Personality-Cognitive Correlates of Social Phobia: Mediator Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty}, abstract ={Objective: Social phobia is considered as one of the most common anxiety disorders. The researchers have been looking for the basic mechanism behind it, since determining these factors can be influential in prevention and treatment. In recent years, some of the most important personality and cognitive correlates of social phobia including neuroticism, fear of negative evaluation, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty have been discovered. This study aims to examine the nature of the relationship between these variables and how they are related to social phobia. Methods: 550 students studying in different faculties of Semnan University completed Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) voluntarily. Those who scored above cutoff (156 people) were given the neuroticism subscale of Eysenck questionnaire, Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE), and Anxiety Sensitivity (ASI) and Intolerance of Uncertainty (IUS) questionnaires. Results: The results resulted from path analysis demonstrated that intolerance of uncertainty and fear of negative evaluation were the mediating factors in the relationship between neuroticism and symptoms related to social phobia, while anxiety sensitivity did not play this mediating role. Conclusion: Since this disorder is widespread and has a negative effect on people;#39s lives, particularly their professional lives, determining the role of intolerance of uncertainty and othercorrelates of social phobia in predicting this disorder can give us a better understanding of the contributing factors. Therefore, the potential use of these results is of great importance to therapists in treating the aforementioned social anxiety disorder.}, Keywords = {Social anxiety, Neuroticism, Fear of negative evaluation, Anxiety sensitivity, Intolerance of uncertainty}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-25}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Lotfi, Mozhgan and Amini, Mehdi and fathi, Asghar and Karami, Adel and Ghiasi, Saleh}, title = {Personality Traits, Emotion Regulation and Impulsive Behaviors in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder}, abstract ={Objective: The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships between personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and impulsive behaviors of borderline personality disorder, and to explore which personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation strategies can better predict and explain the impulsive behaviors in borderline personality disorder. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study design. The participants consisted of 78 patients with borderline personality disorder. Patients were recruited from health and medical centers in Tehran, Iran. The Sample was selected based on judgmental sampling. The SCIDII- PQ, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II (SCID-II), NEO-PI-R, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Impulsive Behaviors checklist were used for diagnosis and assessment. Pearson Correlation and Multivariate Regression Analysis has been used for data analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 16. Results: Findings indicated that neuroticism and openness significantly correlated with impulsive behaviors (r=0.312 and 0.280 respectively, P<0.001, P<0.05), and can predict impulsive behaviors in borderline personality disorder. The results also showed that, selfblame, other blame and positive refocus positively correlate with impulsive behaviors (r=0.32, 0.31 and 0.27 respectively, P<0.001, P<0.05). Also significant beta weights were positive for self-blame and other-blame. Those results partially confirmed existing studies. Conclusion: Overall, findings showed that neuroticism, openness, self-blame and other blame were significant predictors of impulsive behaviors in borderline personality disorder}, Keywords = {Personality traits, Cognitive emotion regulation, Borderline personality disorder, Impulsive behaviors}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-33}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shahryari, Maryam and Hosseinifard, Seyed Mehdi and NematolahzadeMahani, Kazem}, title = {Comparing Early Maladaptive Schemas of Mothers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Mothers of Normal Children}, abstract ={Objective: According to the significant role of mothers’ personality traits and their training styles on the genesis of children’s initial personality and destructive manners, present research compares early maladaptive schemas of mothers of children with Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, mothers of children with Oppositional defiant disorder, and mothers of normal children. Methods: The sample included ninety mothers divided into three groups: mothers of children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, mothers of children with Oppositional defiant disorder, and mothers of normal children through purposeful sampling method from patients who went to a specialized center for treatment of children;#39s behavioral disorders. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV and Young-schema questionnaire (short-form) were used to collect data. Results: Results showed that the mothers of attention-deficit hyperactivity children gained the highest grade in the sub-fields of Emotional inhibition, Social isolation/Alienation, Defectiveness/Shame, Defectiveness/Shame, Unrelenting standards/hyper-criticalness, Entitlement/Grandiosity, and Insufficient self/control/self-discipline. Mothers of Oppositional defiant children gained the highest grade in the sub-fields of Mistrust/Abuse, Dependence/ Incompetence, Enmeshment/Undeveloped self. Also, the mothers of normal children gained the highest grade in the sub-field of self-sacrifice (P;le0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, putting into consideration the difference among the schemas of mothers of children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, mothers of children with Oppositional defiant disorder, and mothers of normal children, the present study can be useful to evaluate and arrange therapeutic purposes of children with the aforementioned disorders.}, Keywords = {Early maladaptive schema, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity, Oppositional defiant}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-162-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-162-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shareh, Hossein and Farmani, Azam and Soltani, Esmail}, title = {Investigating the Reliability and Validity of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI-I) among Iranian University Students}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of the present study was to inspect the validity and reliability of the Iranian version of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI-I). Methods: The statistical population of the present study was selected among the university students studying at Shiraz University in the 2010-2011 academic year. Two hundred and seventy seven of the university students were recruited via cluster sampling method. The participants answered the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI-I), Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) and Billings and Moos Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ). Results: To examine the validity of the CFI-I, factor analysis by principle component analysis method was run, the result of which yielded three factors namely, Control, Alternatives and Alternatives for Human Behaviors that explained 56.02% of the variance. Support for the convergent and discriminant validity of the CFI-I was obtained by its correlations with the measures of depression, coping strategies, and resilience. Evidence for the internal consistency of the CFI was obtained by calculating correlations between the CFI-I and its subscales. Also, the Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest coefficients for the CFI-I reliability were 0.90 and 0.71, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that the Iranian version of the CFI has acceptable levels of validity and reliability among Iranian university students and can be utilized in research investigations and therapeutic interventions.}, Keywords = {Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), Validity, Reliability, Iranian university students}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-50}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ameri, Farideh and Bayat, Banafsheh and Zohreh, Khosravi}, title = {Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Defense Styles in Asthmatic, Alexithymic and Normal Subjects}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of the present article was to study the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the defense styles (mature, immature, and neurotic) in asthmatics, alexithymics and normal subjects. Methods: 216 asthmatic, alexithymic and normal subjects were selected and they completed Young Schema Questionnaire (short form), Defense Style Questionnaire and the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, MANOVA and multiple regressions analysis were used to analyze the research data. Results: Results indicated a significant difference (P<0.05) in all domains of early maladaptive schemas, except other-directedness between the mean scores of the groups of normal subjects and asthmatic patients as well as alexithymic patients. In mature and neurotic defense style, there was not a significant difference between the mean scores of the three groups, while the immature defense style scores of normal subjects and patients with asthma were significantly different (P<0.05) from those of alexithymic. Conclusion: Alexithymia is equivalent to difficulty in self-regulation. When emotional information could not be perceived and evaluated through cognitive processing, it results in the individual;#39s emotional and cognitive confusion. This inability increases the possibility of the immature and neurotic defense styles in stressful situations.}, Keywords = {Alexithymia, Psychosomatic disorders, Asthma, Defense style, Early maladaptive schemas}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-57}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Amini, Mehdi and Pourshahbaz, Abbas and Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and KhodaieArdakani‌, Mohammad-Reza and Lotfi, Mozhg}, title = {The Relationship between Five-Factor Model and DSM-5 Personality Traits on Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder}, abstract ={Objective: Despite the fact that new criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) were resulted from Five-Factor Model (FFM), there are a small number of studies that investigate the relation between proposed personality traits and FFM. Also, cross-cultural study in this field is needed continuously. Though, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between the FFM and DSM-5 pathological traits. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study design. The participants consisted of 130 individuals with borderline personality disorder that were selected from prisoners (n=80), outpatients (n=35) and inpatients (n=15). They were recruited from Tehran prisons, and clinical psychology and psychiatry clinics of Razi and Taleghani Hospitals, Tehran, Iran. The Sample was selected based on judgmental sampling. The SCID-II-PQ, SCID-II, NEO-PI-R and DSM- 5 Personality Trait Rating Form were used for the diagnosis and assessment of personality disorders. Pearson correlation has been used for data analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 16. Results: The results indicate that there is a positive significant relationship between neuroticism (N) with emotional lability (r=0.34, P<0.01), anxiousness (r=0.286, P<0.01) and impulsivity (r=0.229, P<0.05). Also, there is a significant relationship between openness (O) and emotional lability (r=0.316, P<0.01) and risk taking (r=0.193, P<0.05), and negative relation with impulsivity (r=-0.244, P<0.01), separation insecurity(r=0.194, P<0.05), and depressivity (r=-0.19, P<0.05). In addition, results showed that there is positive significant relationship between FFM and DSM-5 personality traits with DSM-IV-TR BPD symptoms (P< 0.01). Conclusion: Results were in line with findings from previous studies and were explained in part by considering how facets/traits of the FFM and DSM-5 personality traits map onto the concept of BPD. Also, the present study helps understand the adequacy of dimensional approach to evaluate personality pathology, specifically on Iranian sample.}, Keywords = {Five-factor model, DSM-5, Personality traits, Borderline personality disorder}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {59-67}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Maleki, Fahime and Pourshahbaz, Abbas and Asadi, Abbasali and Yoosefi, Afsane}, title = {The Impact of Premenstrual Disorders on Healthrelated Quality of Life (HRQOL)}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of premenstrual symptoms on health related quality of life (HRQOL) in a sample of Iranian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of women aged 15–45 years, who lived in Tehran were randomly recruited according to demographic questionnaire. For diagnosing the premenstrual dysphoric disorder and premenstrual syndrome, Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) was used in this study. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Premenstrual Symptoms Impact Survey (PMSIS) were administered to evaluate health-related quality of life. Results: Among 430 women, 44% had PMS, 16% met the diagnostic criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and 40% were in General Population (GP) group. The SF-36 scores showed that in all dimensions except for physical functioning there were statistically significant mean differences among the three groups. Also, women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and PMS group had significantly different social function, validity, and mental health. Comparing the Premenstrual Symptoms Impact Survey scores between the three groups mean, scores of feeling frustration, fatigue and mood swings for the premenstrual dysphoric disorder were significantly higher than the two other groups. Conclusion: Premenstrual symptoms have significant impact on health-related quality of life assessed by SF-36 and PMSIS, specially on mental and emotional domains.}, Keywords = {Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Premenstrual syndrome, Health-related quality of life}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {77-84}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rezayi, Saee}, title = {Sensation Seeking and Social SkillsinChildren with Autism Disorderand Down-Syndrome}, abstract ={Objective: The present study was carried out to study the relationship between sensation seeking and social skills in two groups of school age patients Down-Syndrome (DS) and Autism Disorder (DS).  Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic and correlation study in which all participants were of primary school age (10 to 13 years) with Down-Syndrome and Autism Disorder of autism spectrum disorder and down-syndrome rehabilitation centers and schools, in Tehran. Two groups, Down-Syndrome (N=35) and Autism Disorder (N=35), were randomly selected from a larger community, as sample group for the present study. Marvin Zuckerman (1994), 4-dimensions Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), and Scott-Bellini Autism Social Skills Profiles (ASSP) 3 subscales were used as outcome measures.  Results: Gathered data were analyzed by using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, multivariable regression and Z tests. The results showed that there are significant (;alpha=0./05) relationships between susceptibility to boredom, seeking experience and sum scores of sensation seeking with social skills in Down-Syndrome group as well as there is significant relationship between susceptibility to boredom and sum scores of sensation seeking with social skills in Autism group.  Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that sensation seeking capability can improve social skills in children who are seriously impaired in social relationship and communication. In addition, this study suggests sensation seeking training program for promotions of social skills in children with social problems and who do not show normal social behavior specially children with autistic spectrum disorders.}, Keywords = {Sensation seeking, Social skills, Autism, Down-syndrome}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-90}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shariatzadeh, Mehrdad and Vaziri, Shahram and Mirhashemi, Malek}, title = {Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Patients with Dysthymic Mood Disorder, Major Depression and Healthy Control Subjects}, abstract ={Objective: Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) or fundamental beliefs that underpin stable and trait-like psychological disorders are chronic and relapsing. In, active schemas in dysthymic patients with major depression have been compared with healthy individuals.The purpose of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas (Young, 2003, 1990) in dysthymic patients with major depression and healthy subjects.  Methods: For this study, 46 patients with major depression and 20 non-hospitalized patients with dysthymic during the year who referred to medical centers and clinics in Kermanshah (a city in West of Iran) were selected through structured interviews and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and 66 patients with mild problems who referred to the clinic were considered as control group. 15 early maladaptive schemas through Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) were measured.  Results: Analysis of variance showed that maladaptive schemas was different in the three groups. Maladaptive schemas of emotional deprivation, social isolation, defectiveness/shame, failure in patients with dysthymic, maladaptive schemas of Self-sacrifice, unrelenting standards/hypercriticalness, and entitlement/grandiosity, were active in patients with major depression. Healthy people were not active in any schema incompatibility. Maladaptive schemas in patients with dysthymic were more than the other two groups.  Conclusion: In depression group, all early maladaptive schemas except abandonment and dependence/incompetence schemas, indicated higher scores. The evidence shows that schemas of emotional deprivation, social isolation, failure, and defectiveness/shame are specific keys for dysthymic disorder and emotional inhibition, and unrelenting standards are the keys for major depressive disorder.}, Keywords = {Early maladaptive schemas, Dysthymic mood disorder, Major depression}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {91-100}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ensafi, Elnaz and Rostami, Reza and Dolatshahi, Behrooz and Poursharifi, Hami}, title = {The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on the Working Memory in Children with ADHD}, abstract ={Objective: Working memory is the ability of maintaining and manipulating the required information for operating generalization in future. The aim of the present research is to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on the working memory in children with ADHD.  Methods: 24 children with ADHD who had the required standards to participate in the study were selected by accessible sampling and put randomly in an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group attended 20 sessions of neurofeedback instruction for 2 months. The individuals from both groups (experimental or control) were assessed and compared by giving SWM test in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The obtained results were analyzed by the statistic method of covariance analysis.  Results: Neurofeedback instruction is able to recover the working memory of children with ADHD.  Conclusion: Neurofeedback instruction can be used as an intervening method for working memory recovery in children with ADHD.}, Keywords = {Neurofeedback, Working memory, ADHD}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {101-108}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {ZarezadehKheibari, Shiva and HokmAbadi, Mohammad Ebrahim and MohebiAnabat, Ali and Shakiba, Shima and HosseiniLargany, Seyedeh Fatemeh}, title = {The Effectiveness of Expressive Group Art Therapy on Decreasing Anxiety of Orphaned Children}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of expressive arts therapy on decreasing anxiety of orphaned girls living in family-like centers of Mashhad, Iran.  Methods: One week prior to final examinations, participants were randomly assigned to either an expressive art-making group or a control group. The State-trait anxiety inventory was administered before and after participation. Expressive art making activities included painting or coloring predesigned Mandalas, free-form painting, collage making, still life drawing, and modeling with clay.  Results: The mean state anxiety score between pre-activity and post-activity decreased significantly in the expressive art-making group, whereas no difference was found in the control group. Similarly, the mean trait anxiety score between pre- and post-activity in the artmaking group was significantly lower, and no difference was observed in the controls.  Conclusion: These findings suggest that a brief period of expressive art making can significantly reduce a person’s state of anxiety, which may have implications for art and art therapy programs that offer methods for helping orphaned children coping with stress.}, Keywords = {Expressive art group therapy, Anxiety, Orphaned children}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-116}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Radmehr, Farzad and Alamolhodaei, Hass}, title = {Who Should be Interviewed? A Response from Cluster Analysis}, abstract ={Objective: This article presents an application of cluster analysis for social sciences researches especially those studies that have an interview as part of their data collection. This application is more suitable for sequential mixed method researchers who use quantitative data to frame subsequent qualitative subsamples for conducting interviews.  Methods: In more detail, the algorithm (i.e., single linkage) employed for cluster analysis in this article is suitable for identifying the potential candidates for conducting interviews when the researcher is interested in outliers. Outliers provide interesting contrasts and distinction with other observations in a data set and are an interest for qualitative data analysis strategies.  Results: The authors believe that cluster analysis is a better option than the traditional procedures for finding outliers (e.g. using explore or boxplot in SPSS) because cluster analysis finds outliers while considering different variables whereas the traditional methods has limitations and find outliers in respect to one variable. To present this application, first, cluster analysis and the single linkage which can be used for finding outlier data is presented. Then, a data set related to the psychology of learning mathematics was used to illustrate how outliers can be identified with cluster analysis via IBM SPSS 22.  Conclusion: Finally, the results obtained from cluster analysis was interpreted. This is happened in order to explore whether the chosen algorithm for cluster analysis is accurate for finding suitable candidates for interviews.}, Keywords = {Cluster analysis, Single linkage, Outliers, Interview, Psychology of learning mathematics}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {117-126}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Nouri, Mohsen and Dolatshahi, Behrouz and Dadkhah, Asgar and Falahatdoost, Modjg}, title = {The Role of Personality Factors and Sexual Self-schema in Body Image Dissatisfaction}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of five major personality factors and sexual self-schema in body image dissatisfaction.  Methods: In this study, a correlational design was used and 270 individuals (Male: 135, Female: 135) with age of 17 to 40, citizens of Tehran, who were selected by the available random sampling were included. They completed Neo-PI questionnaire, Fisher body image scale (Fisher, 1970), and Sexual Self-schema Scale (Cyranowski & Andersen, 1998).  Results: The results show a meaningful and positive relationship between neuroticism and body image dissatisfaction there is also a meaningful and negative relationship between conscientiousness, openness to experience, extroversion, agreeableness and body image dissatisfaction. General sexual Self-schema, the personality factors of neuroticism and agreeableness can predict 26.9 percent of body image dissatisfaction variance.  Conclusion: Low scores in positive personality characteristics such as conscientiousness, openness to experience, extroversion and agreeableness and high scores in the neuroticism with poor sexual Self-schema make the individuals vulnerable to negative messages about their body sizes and shapes that finally results in their body image dissatisfaction.}, Keywords = {Sexual self-schema, Body image dissatisfaction, Personality factors}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {127-134}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Pourshahbaz, Abbas and Nonahal, Saman and Dolatshahi, Behrouz and Omidian, Mo}, title = {The Role of the Media, Perfectionism, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Prediction of Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of the media, perfectionism, and difficulties in emotion regulation in prediction of muscle dysmorphia symptoms.  Methods: In this research, 240 male body-builders were selected from five gyms in Gorgan (north of Iran). They were required to answer Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory (MDDI), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), The Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression.  Results: All variables were correlated with muscle dysmorphia symptom (P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that all three variables, the media, perfectionism, and difficulties in emotional regulation can significantly predict muscle dysmorphia symptom (P<0.001).  Conclusion: Importance and multi-aspect nature of social, cognitive, and emotional variables in formulation of muscle dysmorphia disorder were emphasized in this research.}, Keywords = {Media, Perfectionism, Emotion regulation, Muscle dysmorphia}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {135-139}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-166-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-166-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Babaei, Zahra and RezaeiDogaheh, Ebrahim and Dolatshahi, Behrooz and Pourshahbaz, Abbas}, title = {The Relationship Between Negative and Positive Affectivity, Self-focused Attention and Attentional Control With Severity of Social Anxiety Symptoms}, abstract ={Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of negative and positive affectivity, selffocused attention, and attentional control in social anxiety symptoms.  Methods: A sample of 382 students of Isfahan University was selected and the participants completed Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and Focus of Attention Questionnaire (FAQ). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlatiosn and multiple regression analysis. Statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS 20.  Results: The results indicated that there were positive significant relationships between negative affectivity, self-focused attention and social anxiety symptoms. Also findings showed negative and significant relationships between positive affectivity, attentional control and social anxiety symptoms. In regression analysis, negative and positive affectivity, self-focused attention, and attentional control were predictors of social anxiety symptoms.  Conclusion: In this study, our findings suggested that negative and positive affectivity, self-focused attention, and attentional control have important role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety symptoms.}, Keywords = {Negative affectivity, Positive affectivity, Self-focused attention, Attentional control, Social anxiety symptoms}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {149-154}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Basharpoor, Sajjad and Khosravinia, Diba and Atadokht, Akbar and Daneshvar, Somayeh and Narimani, Mahammad and Massah, Omi}, title = {The Role of Self-compassion, Cognitive Self-control, and Illness Perception in Predicting Craving in People With Substance Dependency}, abstract ={Objective: Craving is the central core of addiction and the reason for substance abuse continuation and also returning to addiction after treatment. In order to identify the effecting factors on craving, this study was performed to determine the role of self-compassion, cognitive self-control and illness perception in predicting the craving levels in people with substance dependency.  Methods: This research was a correlational study. The statistical population included all thepeople with substance dependency referring to Shiraz addiction treatment centers from July to September 2013. One hundred and fifty people from this population were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method. Having conducted clinical interviews, they were being asked to response the self-compassion, cognitive self-control, illness perception, and craving questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: The findings showed that craving was positively correlated with self-judgment (r=0.21 P<0.05), and negatively correlated with self-compassion (r= -0.31 P<0.001), cognitive self-control (r= -0.18 P<0.05), and illness coherence (r=-0.16 P<0.05) as one component of illness perception. Results of the regression analyses showed that 10% of craving variance was explained by self-compassion, which was one of the components of self-compassion and 3% of its variance explained by cognitive-self-control. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that self-compassion and cognitive self-control are predictors of craving in people with substance dependency.}, Keywords = {Self-compassion, Cognitive self-control, Illness perception, Craving, Substance dependency}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {155-164}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghasempour, Abdollah and IlbeigyGhaleNei, Reza and Tavakoli, Abutaleb and Rostami, Maryam}, title = {Prediction of School Anxiety Based on Emotion Regulation Strategies and Fear of Positive Evaluation in Female Students}, abstract ={Objective: It seems that emotion regulation strategies and fear of positive evaluation are among psychological components. Which play critical role in anxiety disorders. The present study predicted school anxiety based on emotion regulation strategies and fear of positive evaluation in female students in Savadkouh Iran.  Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlative research. A total of 110 first grade high school female students in Savadkouh City participated in this study from 2012 to 2013. The study sample was randomly selected using multiple-stage clustering. The participants filled out Emotion Regulation questionnaire, Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale and Anxiety School Subscale of The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Then, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21 and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were calculated.  Results: The results of regression analysis showed that Suppression and fear of positive evaluation could predict girl students’ school anxiety as positive and significant.  Conclusion: We concluded that emotion regulation strategies and fear of positive evaluation play critical role in predicting school anxiety in female high school students.}, Keywords = {School anxiety, Emotion regulation strategies, Fear of positive evaluation}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {165-172}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Massah, Omid and HoseinSabet, Farideh and Doostian, Younes and A'zami, Yousof and Farhoudian, Ali}, title = {The Role of Sensation-Seeking and Coping Strategies in Predicting Addiction Potential among Students}, abstract ={Objective: Personality is the most important infrastructure factor in addiction, and substance abusers have certain personal weaknesses that make them vulnerable to addiction. This study examined the role of sensation-seeking and coping strategies in predicting drug addiction in high school students.  Methods: This study is a descriptive–correlational research. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 230 high-school students in Kermanshah City. To measure the variables, Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale Form V, Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Billings and Moos), and the Addiction Potential Scale (Weed and Butcher) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.  Results: There was a significant relationship between sensation-seeking and drug addiction potential among the students. Moreover, coping strategies could predict drug abuse potential, and emotion-focused coping was the most powerful predicting variable.  Conclusion: According to our results, people with a higher level of sensation-seeking and those who use emotion-focused coping strategies are more prone to substance abuse.}, Keywords = {Sensation-seeking, Coping strategies, Addiction potential, Students}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {173-180}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-195-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-195-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mehrabi, Ali and Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and Dolatshahi, Behrooz and Pourshahbaz, Abbas and Mohammadi, Abolfazl}, title = {Emotion Regulation in Depression: An Integrative Review}, abstract ={Objective: In recent years, there has been a rising interest in cognitive behavioral research to explore the role of emotion regulation in the development and maintenance of mental disorders and resiliency against or recovery from them. Particularly, different strategies people use to regulate their emotions may have more important role in emotional disorders including depression. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature focusing on the role of ER in depression.  Methods: In this paper, we present a brief review of the latest studies (in English and Persian) regarding depression and 6 relevant emotion-regulation strategies (i.e. suppression, rumination, experiential avoidance, reappraisal, mindfulness, and acceptance). Then, we attempt to integrate findings of these cognitive-behavioral and neurobiological investigations utilizing the Gross`s process model of emotion regulation.  Results: According to the research results, we can generally conclude that emotion regulation may be an important mediator/moderator mechanism in the pathogenesis of depression that could also be a good target for intervention in psychotherapy.  Conclusion: Some challenging issues in this area are noted and their implications for cognitivebehavioral research and therapies are discussed.}, Keywords = {Depression, Emotion regulation, Suppression, Reappraisal, Rumination, Mindfulness, Experiential avoidance, Emotional acceptance}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {181-194}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-184-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-184-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Delavar, Baharak and Dolatshahi, Behroz and Nouri, Mohsen and Aryanfar, Khalil}, title = {Metacognition and Depression, State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety Symptoms}, abstract ={Objective: The objective of this study was analyzing the effect of meta-cognition elements on depression, trait and state anxiety symptoms.  Methods: In this Study, the sample consisted of 224 students of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences that answered three questionnaires including Metacognitive Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Beck Depression inventory (BDI-II) and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Pearson correlation coefficient and step-by-step regression to analyze were used for data analysis.  Results: According to the results, there is a positive and significant correlation between total score of metacognition and four elements of beliefs (positive beliefs, negative beliefs, uncontrollability and low cognitive trust (P<0.01). In addition, summary of results indicated that out of metacognitive elements, only general negative beliefs may predict the variations of depression scores, (P<0.01).  Conclusion: Summary of this study demonstrated that metacognitive beliefs are significantly effective on prediction of depression and anxiety. Moreover, out of metacognitive elements, only general negative beliefs, in comparison with other elements, may predict the depression.}, Keywords = {Meta-cognition, Depression, Trait anxiety, State anxiety}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {195-200}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mojallal, Mahsa and Khosrojavid, Mahnaz and Pakzad, Fatemeh and Ghanbari, Mo}, title = {Early Maladaptive Schemas, Body Image, and Self-Esteem in Iranian Patients Undergone Cosmetic Surgery Compared with Normal Individuals}, abstract ={Objective: The interest in cosmetic surgery has increased dramatically during recent years and psychologists have focused on the associations of this interest. The present study aimed to compare cosmetic surgery patients and normal individuals in terms of their early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), body image (BI), and self-esteem, as well as investigate the relationships of EMSs and self-esteem with BI.  Methods: 120 university students (60 patients with cosmetic surgery and 60 normal individuals) completed the Short Form of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF), Multidimensional Body-Self Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Test (CSEI). To investigate data, multivariate analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient test, and multiple regressions were administered. SPSS-20 software was used for statistical analysis.  Results: Groups study showed significant differences in their appearance evaluation. Findings indicated significant correlations between domains of disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy, and self-esteem with BI. Also, results indicated that EMSs and self-esteem were the significant predictors of BI.  Conclusion: Cosmetic surgery can improve one’s appearance, but to gain a comprehensive understanding of its causes and outcomes, we must consider various social and psychological factors and their interactions.}, Keywords = {Early maladaptive schemas, Body image, Self-esteem, Cosmetic surgery}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {201-210}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {RezaeiDogaheh, Ebrahim and Yoosefi, Afsaneh and Kami, Maryam}, title = {Comparison of Maladaptive Coping Styles in Patients with Migraine and Tension Headaches with Normal Group}, abstract ={Objective: Young’s schema theory provides a theoretical basis that relates coping styles to early maladaptive schemas. This research aimed to identify maladaptive coping strategies including avoidance and over compensation strategies associated with migraine and tension headaches.  Methods: The present research was of cross sectional and correlational study type. The measures included Headache Disability Inventory and Avoidance and Over Compensation Questionnaires. The population of the study comprised adult patients with migraine and tension headaches aged 18 to 55 years living in Tehran, Iran. The final study sample included 69 participants with migraine or tension headaches and 86 non-clinical samples of both genders. They were selected by convenient and purposeful sampling after referring by psychiatrists. The two groups were matched based on sex and education.  Results: Migraine and tension headache sufferers and non-clinical participants were significantly different in 9 avoidance strategies. There were also a negative correlation between headache and 2 overcompensation styles. In addition, a series of maladaptive coping (avoidance and overcompensation) strategies could significantly predict 84.1% and 70.4% of the total change in position of tension headaches and migraine group, respectively.  conclusion: It seems that maladaptive coping strategies are important factors influencing migraine and tension headaches. The implications of the findings for both theory and treatment concerning are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.}, Keywords = {Maladaptive coping styles, Migraine and tension headaches}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {211-219}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Anbari, Farima and Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and RezaeiDogaheh, Ebrahim}, title = {Thought Control Strategies in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder and Their Relationships with Trait Anxiety}, abstract ={Objective: The present study aims to investigate thought control strategies in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and the relationship of these metacognitive strategies with trait anxiety, as a construct of emotional vulnerability. Methods: 60 patients with diagnosis of GAD and MDD and 30 control subjects (nonpatients) were selected from the university students. Participants answered to Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II), Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The data was analyzed by Manova and Enter regression. Results: The results showed that GAD group was distinguished from the control group by their greater use of worry and punishment strategies. The depression group was differentiated from nonpatient group by the greater use of worry strategy and lesser use of distraction and reappraisal strategies. The GAD group was distinguished from MDD group by greater use of reappraisal strategy and lesser use of worry strategy. Worry and punishment strategies can positively predict (P<0.001 and P=0.001) trait anxiety while distraction and reappraisal negatively predict (P<0.001 and P=0.047) it. Conclusion: GAD and MDD patients use maladaptive thought control strategies more frequently and these maladaptive metacognitive strategies can be predictors of trait anxiety as an underlying pathology.}, Keywords = {Metacognition, Thought control strategies, Trait anxiety, Generalized anxiety disorder, Major depressive disorder}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {229-236}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Doostian, Younes and Fattahi, Sheida and Goudini, Ali Akbar and Azami, Yusof and Massah, Omid and Daneshmand, Rez}, title = {The Effectiveness of Self-regulation in Students’ Academic Achievement Motivation}, abstract ={Objective: This research was conducted to study the effectiveness of self-regulation training among female students’ academic achievement motivation in Birjand City, Iran. Methods: In this interventional comparative study (pretest-posttest design with control group), 84 eighth grade students (from public intermediate schools) in Birjand were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. They were placed in two groups: experiment and control with randomization. The academic achievement motivation test and science test were administered as pre- and post-tests, respectively. The experimental group was taught self-regulation skills in 8 sessions. Data were analyzed using the mixed-design factorial analysis of variance model. Results: The results showed significant differences in the experiment group’s achievement motivation test (p<0.05), but no signs of change in the science test. Conclusion: We can provide students with effective and useful tips to improve their academic achievement and performance by teaching them self-regulation skills.}, Keywords = {Self-regulation, Management and time-planning skills, Academic achievement, Motivation, Academic performance}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {237-246}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Lotfi, Samira and Dolatshahi, Behrooz and Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and Campbell, Marilyn and RezaeiDogaheh, Ebrahim}, title = {Prevalence of Bullying and its Relationship with Trauma Symptoms in Young Iranian Students}, abstract ={Objective: Bullying and peer victimization in school are serious concerns for students, parents, psychologists, and school officials around the world. This descriptive study examined bullying/victimization among Iranian students and the relationship between bullying and trauma symptoms. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research and descriptive correlative study. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children (TSCC-A) were administered to 591(325males and 266 females) students aged 10 to 14 year. Results: The results revealed that 38.4 % of students reported bullying behavior. In addition, victims had the highest level of depression, anxiety, and anger compared to uninvolved students. Bullies were not related to trauma symptoms. Conclusion: Conclusions include detailed recommendations for further empirical studies.}, Keywords = {Bully, Victim, Trauma symptoms, Prevalence}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {247-254}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Hasanvand, Banafsheh and MohammadiArya, Ali Reza and RezaeiDogaheh, Ebrahim}, title = {Prediction of Psychological Hardiness Based on Mental Health and Emotional Intelligence in Students}, abstract ={Objective: Psychological hardiness is a protective personality structure against life stresses that plays a major role in resisting stressful events. Thus, the present research aimed to predict the psychological hardiness based on mental health and emotional intelligence in students. Methods: The method applied in the research was a descriptive-correlation type. A total of 348 students of Payame Noor University, Eleshtar branch, studying in the academic year of 2012/13 were selected through random sampling method. Data were collected through the psychological hardiness, mental health, and emotional intelligence questionnaires and were analyzed by the simple correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. Results: Findings revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between mental health and emotional intelligence and its components (self-motivation, self-consciousness, self-control, social awareness, and social skills) with psychological hardiness. Also, step by step regression results indicated that self-motivation (&beta =0.386), self-control (&beta=0.229), social skills (&beta=0.239), and social consciousness (&beta=0.210) are highly capable of predicting psychological hardiness scores. Conclusion: By promoting psychological hardiness through increasing mental health and emotional intelligence, we can overcome stressful and anxious factors, as well as factors resulting in most psychological problems.}, Keywords = {Mental health, Emotional intelligence, Emotional intelligence components, Psychological hardiness, Students }, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {255-262}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-197-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-197-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Minoosepehr, Sepideh and Nikoogoftar, Mansooreh and SaramiForoushani, Gholamrez}, title = {Predictors of Tendency Toward Cosmetic Surgery: Media Influences, Appearance Perfectionism and Investment}, abstract ={Objective: This study aimed to examine factors influencing attitudes toward cosmetic surgery among university students. Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, physical appearance perfectionism, and appearance investment were considered as predictors of tendency toward cosmetic surgery. Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlative research. One stage cluster sampling was utilized to collect data of 631 students (male and female), aged between 18 and 49 years (21.83 ± 4.09 y) of Islamic Azad university (from North, South, East, West, Medical Sciences and Dentistry branches) with different degrees and majors during the first semester of 2013-14 academic year. A 77-item questionnaire was utilized to measure sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, appearance perfectionism, appearance investment, attitudes toward cosmetic surgery, and demographic data. First a pilot study was conducted on 30 students with similar ability and background to the survey target population to obtain an assessment of the validity and reliability of the translated questionnaires in Persian. A stepwise regression analysis was utilized to address the prediction power of tendency toward cosmetic surgery. Results: Media influences as sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, appearance investment, appearance perfectionism through two ways worry about imperfection and hope for perfection, which were significantly correlated to attitude toward cosmetic surgery. Variables were not identical for men and women apart from worry about imperfection subscale. Furthermore, media influences, appearance investment, and worry about imperfection accounted for 27% of variance of positive attitude toward cosmetic surgery. Hope for perfection as the second subscale of appearance perfectionism has no effect on predicting tendency toward cosmetic surgery. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a greater perfectionist tendency and psychological investment in physical appearance (among sociocultural attitudes toward appearance) predict more favorable attitudes toward cosmetic surgery.}, Keywords = {Appearance investment, Cosmetic surgery, Media influences, Perfectionism}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {263-270}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-173-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-173-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghadirisourmanabadi, Farhad and SabouriMoghadam, Hasan and BabapurKheiradin, Jalil}, title = {Prediction of Vulnerability to Addiction on the Basis of Psychosocial Stressors}, abstract ={Objective: Addiction is one of the most vulnerable social issues and the tendency to it involve several factors, including psychosocial stressors (life unpleasant events), and inability to deal with these stressors and the belief that drug use will lead to the desired result. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between psychosocial stressors and vulnerability to drug abuse among students. Methods: This research was a correlational study. In this study, 483 male students from Salmas City (West Azerbaijan Province) high schools were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Then, the questionnaire to identify people at risk of addiction and also perceptions of stressful events questionnaire were conducted to them. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression analysis.Statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS 20. Results: The results showed that among these variables, stressors associated with solution of unpleasant events have the greatest ability to predict vulnerability to addiction. Next, stressors related to lack, positively predict vulnerability to addiction. Conclusion: The present study showed that psychosocial stressors can contribute to the vulnerability of adolescents to addiction.}, Keywords = {Vulnerability to addiction, Psychosocial stressors, Stress, Addiction}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {271-276}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rostami, Mohammad and Veisi, Nasrollah and JafarianDehkordi, Fatemeh and Alkasir, Em}, title = {Social Anxiety in Students with Learning Disability: Benefits of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy}, abstract ={Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of ‘Acceptance and Commitment Therapy’ (ACT) on reducing social anxiety in students with learning disability. Methods: In this experimental research, pretest-posttest and control group were utilized. Population of this study included all the middle-school male students with learning disability in Koohdasht City (2013-2014). The sample included 40 male students with learning disability who were randomly selected after structured clinical interview. Subjects were randomly put into experimental group and control group (20 individuals each). Instruments of this research included structured clinical interview, Raven IQ Test (1962), and Watson & Friend’s Anxiety Scale (1969). Pretest and posttest were administered for both groups. Experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy model for 10 1-hour sessions, while the control group received no intervention. To analyze the data, Multivariate Analysis of Variance test (MANOVA) was used. Statistical Package for Social Science 16 (SPSS 16) program was used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of MANOVA showed that acceptance and commitment therapy model training has been effective on decreasing social anxiety in students with learning disability (P<0.001). The findings also showed that there is a significant difference in social anxiety between control group and experimental group. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, acceptance and commitment therapy model training reduces social anxiety in students with learning disability and it is possible to make use of this model as a suitable intervention method.}, Keywords = {Acceptance and commitment Therapy model, Social anxiety, Learning disability, Students}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {277-284}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-201-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-201-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Zarean, Mostafa and Shahidi, Shahriar and Vijver, Fons van de and Dehghani, Mohsen and Asadollahpour, Amin and Sohrabi, Roghayeh}, title = {Reflections from Indigenous Psychology on Emotional Disorders: A Qualitative Study in Azeri Ethnic Group}, abstract ={Objective: Depression and Anxiety literature in Iran is short of cultural/indigenous studies, especially with regard to Azeri ethnic group. This study was carried out in order to identify depression and anxiety aspects in Azeri ethnic group. Methods: In a cross sectional qualitative design, 32 Azeri informants (14 patients, 13 lay people, and 5 professionals) recruited in the study using purposeful sampling method. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted and the collected data were analyzed through content analysis technique. Results: Primary results indicated that 11 main theme categories exist in Azeri ethnic group: avoidance, dysfunction, arousality, disorganized personality, repetition, somatization, problematic behavior, maladaptive cognition, awareness, positive, and negative emotionality. Conclusion: Current evidence does not support the hypothesis of “Somatizing” depression and anxiety in Iranian cultural background, and perhaps other psychological processes are involved in somatic symptom report. Theoretical advantages and implications of the study in the framework of clinical and indigenous studies are discussed.}, Keywords = {Depression, Anxiety, Emotional disorders, Azeri ethnic group, Indigenous study, Qualitative research}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {285-291}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2014} }