@article{ author = {Nooripour, Roghieh and Ilanloo, Hossein and Naveshki, Mohammad and Naveshki, Saeid and AmiriMajd, Mojtaba and Sikström, Sverker  and Jafari, Farnaz}, title = {Evaluation of COVID-19 Stress in University Students According to Their Socio-demographic Characteristics Based on Machine Learning Algorithms}, abstract ={Objective: The coronavirus pandemic has presented a significant challenge and brought about dramatic changes for universities and their students. This study evaluated machine learning algorithms for estimating COVID-19 stress levels among Iranian university students. Methods: We conducted an online survey from May 10th to November 20th, 2021, to determine how Iranian university students responded to the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. The survey invitations were sent to Iranian university students via e-mail, forums, and social media platforms, such as internet advertisements. We collected data from 3490 university students, using sociodemographic characteristics and the COVID-19 Stress Scale (CSS; Nooripour et al. [2022]). The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) network for prediction and fuzzy logic-based rules were used for analyzing the data. For classification, eight machine learning algorithms were employed: support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest, multilayer perceptron, decision tree, and passive-aggressive algorithm. These algorithms were selected based on their principles and suitability for stress detection in the desired category. Results: Among the algorithms, the decision tree algorithm showed the best performance in accurately classifying the data into the correct stress intensity categories. Moreover, analyses revealed that gender, age group, and education significantly influenced stress intensity levels, with men experiencing less stress; stress intensity decreased with age, and higher education was associated with lower stress levels. The results indicated that education and marital status were the most influential parameters for all three top-performing algorithms (random forest, multi-layer perceptron, and decision tree). Conclusion: Our research suggests that innovative methods such as machine learning algorithms can be used to evaluate psychological distress caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, such as stress. Evaluating stress levels can help prevent mental health problems and enhance students’ coping capabilities.}, Keywords = {COVID-19, Machine learning, Psychological distress, Student, Stress}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.1.288.9}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-895-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-895-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Dehghani, Zeinab and Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, Anahita and Falsafinejad, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Getting Rid of Substance Abuse: A Look at Experiences, Opinions, and Facilitators of Psychological Well-being After Addiction Recovery in Females}, abstract ={Objective: Addiction is one of the main obstacles to achieving psychological well-being in a person. This study analyzed the experiences, opinions, and facilitators of psychological well-being in women after addiction recovery.  Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative and grounded theory approach. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. The data were saturated through semi-structured and open-ended interviews with 14 women who had given up addiction and had follow-up visits to addiction rehabilitation centers in Districts 18 to 20 from April to September 2022 in Tehran. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding proposed by Strauss and Corbin (2008).  Results: Analysis of the lived experiences of the women who recovered from addiction revealed five main factors including causal conditions (physical condition, mental/psychological distress, and economic condition), contextual conditions (receiving social support and environmental restrictions), facilitators (social support and influence, individual determination and effort, and religious beliefs), consequences (cognitive, psychological, and behavioral consequences), and strategies (individual and social strategies).  Conclusion: Participants pointed out that the strong facilitators to getting rid of addiction were social support, individual determination and effort, and religious beliefs. The insights from this study add to the knowledge about recovery from addiction among addicted women who are about to quit and can contribute to a better understanding of facilitating factors and treatment and rehabilitation strategies in the process of psychological therapies.}, Keywords = {Narration, Psychological well-being, Psychological Adaptation, Women, Addiction, Qualitative research}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {13-26}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.1.746.5}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-898-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-898-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Charkhgard, Atefeh and Kakavand, Alirez}, title = {Gender Identity Disorder and Improvement of Life Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being Indices After Sex Reassignment Surgery: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study}, abstract ={Objective: Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) is a surgery performed to reassign the physical gender identity of transgender people. Despite the physical consequences of this surgery, research has indicated its significant effects on patients’ mental health; however, the findings are contradictory. This study determined the effects of sexual reassignment surgery on life satisfaction and psychological well-being in transgender people.  Methods: In a multicenter prospective cohort study, from January to March 2019, a total of 40 patients with sexual dysphoria of both sexes were selected using the purposive sampling method and after meeting the necessary criteria, they were entered into the research process. Patients were placed in one of two groups of gender reassignment surgery and the surgery waiting list. Life satisfaction and psychological well-being indices were evaluated in the surgery group, before and after surgery (one week to one month and more than six months). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance test in SPSS software, version 21, and the significance criterion was considered as 0.05.  Results: Data analysis showed that the life satisfaction index in patients undergoing gender reassignment surgery had a significant difference as compared to the waiting list (P<0.001). Also, the six components of psychological well-being, including self-acceptance, positive relationship with others, personal growth, independence, purposeful life, and mastery of the environment in patients undergoing sexual reassignment surgery showed a significant improvement compared to the waiting list (P<0.001).  Conclusion: Sexual reassignment surgery has significant psychological effects on patients’ psychological characteristics. These findings may be associated with clinical applications in designing complementary psychological interventions in transgender individuals.}, Keywords = {Transgender health, Sex reassignment surgery, Gender dysphoria}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-32}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.1.760.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Mohammadkhani, Shahram and AkbarianFiroozabadi, Mahsa and Akbari, Mehdi and Nasiri, Mohamm}, title = {Metacognitions About Health and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors: Experiential Avoidance and Coronavirus Anxiety as Mediators}, abstract ={Objective: People can easily be infected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus unless they adhere to the globally suggested preventive behaviors. Metacognition about health is a crucial factor that may affect health behaviors. Our study investigated the relationship between metacognition and COVID-19 preventive behaviors mediated by experiential avoidance and COVID-19 anxiety.  Methods: After distributing online participation advertisements, 702 participants, 430 female (61%) and 272 male (39%) were recruited from the general population in Iran. They answered four questionnaires, including the preventive COVID-19 behaviors scale (PCBS; Toussaint et al., 2020), acceptance and action questionnaire II (AAQ-2; Bond et al., 2011), coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS; Lee, 2020d), and metacognition questionnaire-health anxiety (MCQ-HA; Bailey & Wells, 2015). SPSS software, version 22, LISREL software, version 8.85, and MPlus software, version 7.4 were used to analyze the data and investigate the research hypotheses. Model fit for the modified hypothetical model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).  Results: The results showed that COVID-19 anxiety and experiential avoidance could significantly predict preventive behaviors (P<0.01). However, metacognition could indirectly predict these behaviors by changing COVID-19 anxiety (P<0.01) and experiential avoidance (P<0.01).  Conclusion: Identifying and modifying dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs that lead to experiential avoidance and COVID-19 anxiety can help us modify COVID-19 preventive behaviors and, as a result, reduce the spread of COVID-19 and behavioral problems.}, Keywords = {Metacognition, Behavior, Avoidance, Anxiety}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-42}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.1.877.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-868-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-868-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Esmaili, Hooshang and Sotoudehasl, Nemat and Ghorbani, Raheb and Maheri, Maryam}, title = {Comparison of the effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Drug Therapy on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)}, abstract ={Background: The use of rTMS, a form of brain stimulation, has shown to be successful and authorized for treating individuals with OCD. The study aimed to comparison of the effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and drug therapy on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The study adopted a quasi-experimental method and a pre-post control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all patients referred to specialized clinics in regions 2, 3, and 7 of Tehran from July to September 2022. Study participants included 45 obsessive-compulsive disorder who were selected purposefully and were assigned to two experimental groups (rTMS: 15 participants, Drug therapy: 15 participants), and a control group: 15 participants. The rTMS treatment sessions was three sessions a week for four weeks. Therefore, rTMS treatment was performed with the parameters specified below regarding the variables of the present study. For obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the supplementary motor area with a frequency of 1 Hz (HZ) for 20 minutes, 1200 pulses and the F3 and F4 areas were worked with the tablets. The MCMI-III or Checklist-90-Revision pre and post interventions measured. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software version 26 with an analysis of covariance test. Results: findings showed that the differentiation between the treatment technique of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and drug administration is significant in obsessive-compulsive disorder (P=0.0001). The decrease in obsessive-compulsive disorder based on considered repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was more than the drug therapy group(P=0.0017). Conclusions: This study revealed that rTMS is an effective neurostimulation therapy for OCD. Therefore, rTMS provides better results in terms of treatment effectiveness and clinical response rate.  Furthermore, drug treatment appears to have a significant therapeutic effect.  In subgroup analysis, it was found that DLPFC stimulation and inhibition produced better treatment effects.}, Keywords = {Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Drug Therapy, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-52}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.1.899.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-884-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-884-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Farzin, Maziar and AmiriMajd, Mojtaba and Ghamari, Mohamm}, title = {Comparing the Effectiveness of Guided Imagery and Lazarus Multimodal Therapy on COVID-19 Anxiety and Life Expectancy in People Recovered From COVID-19}, abstract ={Objective: Given the well-established and irreversible psychological consequences associated with the COVID-19 disease, it becomes imperative to develop interventions tailored to address these effects and comprehensively evaluate their efficacy in promoting the mental well-being of individuals who have successfully recuperated from COVID-19. The current investigation primarily ascertained and juxtaposed the efficacy of guided imagery and Lazarus multimodal therapy in alleviating COVID-19-induced anxiety and enhancing life expectancy among post-COVID-19 patients Methods: The present study employed a semi-experimental design, encompassing the objectives, application, and research methodology. Specifically, a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was utilized, incorporating a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and were residing in Tehran City, Iran, in 2021. Participants were selected from various government hospitals in Tehran who received treatment for COVID-19. A total of 45 participants were randomly assigned into three groups: the guided imagery group (15 participants), the Lazarus multimodal therapy group (15 participants), and the control group (15 participants), using the lottery method. The experimental groups underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, wherein guided imagery and Lazarus multimodal therapy interventions were respectively administered. The control group did not receive any form of training or intervention. The research instruments employed in this study were the COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire (CDAS, 2020) developed by Alipour, Gadami, Alipour, and Abdulzadeh, and Miller’s Life Expectancy Questionnaire (MLEQ, 1998). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis in SPSS software, version 26. Inferential analysis was performed with alpha 0.05 Results: The findings of the study revealed that both guided imagery and Lazarus multimodal therapy demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating COVID-19 anxiety (F=11.16, P=0.000) and enhancing life expectancy (F=5.49, P=0.008) among individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 (P<0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the effects of these interventions on the aforementioned variables. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the educational packages developed in this study hold the potential for utilization in reducing COVID-19 anxiety and enhancing life expectancy among individuals amidst the ongoing pandemic outbreak. These packages offer valuable resources for addressing and managing anxiety related to COVID-19, thereby contributing to improved psychological well-being and overall life expectancy during this challenging period.}, Keywords = {Guided imagery, Lazarus multimodal therapy, COVID-19 anxiety syndrome, Life expectancy, People recovered from COVID-19}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-66}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.1.917.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-899-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-899-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Mina and Salehi, Batol and Kheirabadi, Gholamrez}, title = {Explaining the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Binge Eating Disorder in Female College Students: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation}, abstract ={Objective: Binge eating disorder is a type of eating behavior disorder that occurs with voluntary limitations in eating food. It has a psychological and social origin and is one of the concerns of the World Health Organization. The present study explains the relationship between perfectionism and binge eating disorder in female college students and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. Methods: In this descriptive-correlation study, data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the female college students of Isfahan City, Iran, in October and November 2022. A total of 214 students were selected by the available sampling method. The participants answered the perfectionism inventory (PI, 2004), the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ, 2001), and the binge eating severity (BES, 1982). The data were analyzed using EMOS 22 software and SEM. Results: The results showed that adaptive cognitive regulation strategies could negatively mediate the relationship between adaptive perfectionism and eating disorder (P<0.01, β= -0.113) while positively and significantly mediating the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and eating disorder (P<0.01, β=0.124). Conclusion: Based on the results, physicians and therapists can incorporate cognitive regulation techniques into eating disorder treatments and help individuals manage perfectionism and negative thoughts. Additionally, educational programs can be developed in counseling centers, schools, and universities to empower individuals to recognize signs and seek help promptly.}, Keywords = {Perfectionism, Feeding and eating disorders, Emotion regulation}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {67-80}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.1.919.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-901-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-901-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Shirin and Moheb, Naeimeh and AlivaniVafa, Marziyeh}, title = {Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Distortions and Rumination in Adolescents With Social Anxiety Disorder}, abstract ={Objective: Social anxiety disorder is a prevalent and persistent psychological disorder that is characterized by an intense fear of negative judgment from others, leading to avoidance of social interactions. This study compared the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in reducing social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms, including cognitive distortions, rumination, and anxiety sensitivity, in adolescents diagnosed with SAD. Methods: The study was semi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test design featuring a control group. The research sample comprised 45 adolescents diagnosed with SAD, who were recruited from psychological service offices in Bukan City, Iran, between April 4th, 2022, and September 6th, 2022. Fifteen adolescents were assigned to the first experimental group, 15 to the second experimental group, and 15 to the control group. The subjects were selected using the purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. CBT (12 sessions) and ACT (8 sessions) were implemented in two sessions per week for the experimental groups. Each session lasted for an hour. The control group did not receive any intervention. The participants completed the social phobia inventory (SPIN) (2000), the ruminative response scale (RRS) (2003), and the dysfunctional attitude scale (DAS) (1978). The data of the research were analyzed using the analysis of variance test using SPSS software, version 23 and a significance level of 0.05.  Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that CBT and ACT have a significant effect on cognitive distortions and rumination in adolescents (P<0.001). Also, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of CBT and ACT on cognitive distortions and rumination in adolescents (P>0.05). The Mean±SD difference before (54.76±13.88) and after (49.51±13.42) the rumination in the CBT group was significant (P<0.001). The Mean±SD difference before (98.32±7.44) and after (83.90±7.77) the cognitive distortions in the CBT group was significant (P<0.001). The Mean±SD difference before (52.33±14.78) and after (47.73±14.23) the rumination in the ACT group was significant (P<0.001). Also, the Mean±SD difference before (98.70±7.02) and after (85.13±6.83) the cognitive distortion in the ACT group was significant (P<0.001).  Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that CBT and ACT can be considered in cognitive distortions and rumination in adolescents with SAD. }, Keywords = {Cognitive behavioral therapy, Acceptance, and commitment therapy, Cognitive distortion, Rumination, Social anxiety disorder}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {81-94}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.1.922.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-903-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-903-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Bandehpour, Akram and Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, Anahita and Taghvaei, Davood and Ghoudsi, Ahghar}, title = {Exploring Active Aging Experiences and Strategies in Retired Elderly Female Adults: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Objective: Population aging creates various individual and public challenges, including physical and mental health, economic challenges, and care needs. Governments’ response to population aging is active aging. Promoting successful, active aging is an international priority for addressing the challenges of increasing life expectancy. Active aging allows individuals to overcome the challenges of an increasingly aging population. Accordingly, the present study explores the perspective, challenges, and strategies of active aging in female elderly adults who retired from the education department. Methods: The present study was conducted via a qualitative grounded theory using the data collected from semi-structured interviews with 21 retired women from the Ministry of Education aged over 65 years in Tehran City, Iran, in 2023. The collected data were analyzed using the Charmaz (2012) method.  Results: Data analysis revealed 49 open codes, 16 axial codes, and 4 selective codes. The four selective codes were old age challenges, achieving active aging, psycho-social retirement concern, and social neglect of older adults. The axial codes were public rejection, unavailability of facilities, interpersonal strategies, learning new skills, self-care, individual strategies, dilemmas and problems, old age concerns, unavailability of suitable urban space, and public view about old age.  Conclusion: Active aging involves challenges and problems over which older adults have no control, such as the unavailability of suitable urban space for transportation, the unavailability of facilities, and restricting older adults’ activities. These problems lead to the belief in disability, inefficiency, and isolation, resulting in a vicious cycle. }, Keywords = {Active aging, Challenges, Retired, Women, Qualitative research}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {95-108}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.2.746.6}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-921-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-921-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {MohajeriAval, Nastaran and Narimani, Mohammad and Sadeghi, Goodarz and Hajloo, Nader}, title = {Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Meta-Cognitive Therapy vs Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in People With General Anxiety Disorder}, abstract ={Objective: This study compares the effectiveness of mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on experiential avoidance, negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, and emotional processing in people with general anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: This was a semi-experimental research with experimental and control groups. A total of 45 patients with GAD were selected using the purposeful sampling method. One group received 8 sessions of mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy (one session per week), and another group received 15 sessions of tDCS (three sessions per week; each session was 20 min in F3/F4 with an intensity of 2 mA). All subjects in two treatment groups and one waitlist control group were evaluated before and after the treatment using an acceptance and action questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, and emotional processing scale. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and the Tukey test. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 19.  Results: The results showed that tDCS and mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy are effective in experiential avoidance (F=98.53, η2=0.744), negative strategies for cognitive emotion regulation (F=102.26, η2=0.824), and emotional processing (F=121.26, η2=0.931) in people with GAD. There is no significant difference in the experiential avoidance variable (md=0.735, P=0.575) and emotional processing (md=0.731, P=0.134) between mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy and tDCS therapy; however, in the rumination subscale, only mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy treatment method has been effective in the variable of negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation (md=4.63, P=0.008). Conclusion: tDCS and mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy were both effective in improving GAD symptoms, but mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy had more effects on clients’ rumination. As a result, to control the negative strategies for cognitive emotion regulation, mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy has a better effect. }, Keywords = {Meta-cognitive therapy, Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), Mindfulness, Experiential avoidance, Cognitive emotion regulation, Emotional processing, General anxiety disorder (GAD)}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-122}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.2.761.2}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {JangiSangani, Naser and Razavi, Majid Rez}, title = {Investigating the Relationship Between the Use of Social Media, Educational Decline, and Student Mental Health}, abstract ={Objective: The widespread presence of students in Telegram virtual social networks (VSNs) has provided a unique opportunity to track the effects of using this medium on their academic failure and mental health. Accordingly, this study explores whether the use of social media has a relationship with educational decline and student mental health.  Methods: This correlation study was conducted in high schools in Khaf City, Iran, in the 2018-2019 academic year and included 1250 students (550 girls and 700 boys) who were selected via simple stratified random sampling. The data collection tools comprised a researcher-made questionnaire on the use of Telegram VSNs and the Keyes (2005) model of mental health. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 22, and related tests.  Results: We found a significant relationship between the use of the Telegram network and educational decline. There is also a significant relationship between the use of the Telegram network and mental health. As the use of Telegram VSNs increases, there is an increase in fatigue in class and a reduction in study hours. Hence, this affects students’ educational decline directly and mental health adversely.  Conclusion: We recommend that information about the positive and negative effects of Telegram VSNs should be provided to users, and measures should be taken in schools to introduce and create a culture and useful and scientific use of Telegram VSNs.}, Keywords = {Social networks, Telegram, Educational decline, Students, Mental health}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {123-136}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.2.918.2}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-923-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-923-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Aghakeshmiri, Atiyeh and Soleimanian, Ali Akbar and Golpich, Zeinab}, title = {An Integrative Parenting Program for Adoptive Families: A Mixed-method Study}, abstract ={Objective: This study develops an integrative parenting program for adoptive families.  Methods: Qualitative and quantitative elements were combined using a mixed-method design. The parenting program for adoptive families was developed through a common elements approach. It took three main steps: Identifying interventions with high efficacy, assessing supporting materials, and surveying experts to reach an agreement. Next, a single-subject, multiple baseline design was used to determine the effectiveness of the developed program on parenting self-efficacy and stress. The research instruments included parenting stress index-short form (PSI-SF) and parental self-agency measure. The participants were two adoptive mothers and one adoptive father chosen through convenience sampling. The parents participated in nine sessions and completed the questionnaires three times before the sessions, five times during the sessions, and three times after the sessions. Visual analysis was performed at two levels, including within-condition and between-condition levels.  Results: In the qualitative phase, 44 concepts and nine categories were obtained by examining 15 parenting programs. The leading nine categories were as follows: Rebuilding attachments, enhancing the spouse subsystem, rebuilding the family structure, improving parenting self-efficacy, emotional-cognitive regulation, managing children’s behavior, laying the groundwork for integrated child development, promoting the child’s social health, and improving the child’s self-esteem. The results showed that this program was highly effective in reducing the parenting stress of the first and second participants and increasing the self-efficacy of all participants. Conclusion: Families with adopted children experience unique parenting circumstances due to their different structures. This study identified the common elements of the interventions proposed in previous studies and integrated them into a comprehensive protocol to improve adoptive parents’ parenting. Based on this integrated view, all cognitive processes, behavioral, emotional, and systemic in parenting are considered. This program could help adoptive parents maintain or increase their parenting competency and stress management.}, Keywords = {Parenting education, Adoption, Self-efficacy, Stress}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {137-152}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.2.924.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-904-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-904-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Mostafazadeh, Parvin and Sotoudehasl, Nemat and Ghorbani, Raheb}, title = {Comparing the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Metacognitive Therapy on Psychological Well-being in Women With Generalized Anxiety Disorder}, abstract ={Objective: This study compares the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and metacognitive therapy on psychological well-being in women with generalized anxiety disorder.  Methods: The current study has an applied purpose and utilizes a semi-experimental research method. It follows a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and includes a two-month follow-up phase. The target population for this research consists of women with generalized anxiety disorder, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, during the summer and autumn of 2022. Following the research design, the participants were randomly divided into a control group (n=17) and an experimental group (n=17). A 10-session therapy protocol based on acceptance and commitment was implemented for the members of the first experimental group, and a 10-session protocol of metacognitive therapy was implemented for the second experimental group individually and in person. The Ryff scales of psychological well-being were conducted in three phases: before, after intervention, and follow-up. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the analysis of variance with repeated measurements with the SPSS software, version 25, at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The research identified a significant difference in the initial assessment results compared to the assessments conducted after the therapy in both groups (P<0.01). In other words, the findings indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy was more successful and consistent than metacognitive therapy. The disparity between the scores obtained after treatment and during the follow-up period was notable, indicating that acceptance and commitment therapy had a more powerful impact on treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that women with general anxiety disorders benefited from therapy courses in terms of psychological well-being. Thus, unlike the meta-cognitive therapy, the results suggest that acceptance and commitment therapy-based exercises would be of additional value for improving psychological well-being. As this is the first study on the topic, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these two therapies for general anxiety in individuals.}, Keywords = {Acceptance and commitment therapy, Metacognitive therapy, Psychological well-being, Women, Generalized anxiety disorder}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {153-164}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.2.929.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-907-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-907-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Tamrchi, Sepideh and Rabiee, Mahtab and Dolatshahi, Behrouz}, title = {Investigating Parenting Styles and Relationship Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Alexithymia}, abstract ={Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and debilitating mental disorder that can manifest in various themes. Recently, studies have identified relationship OCD (ROCD) as a subtype of OCD in which obsessions and compulsions revolve around romantic relationships comprising the relationship (relationship-centered) or the romantic partner (partner-focused). This study investigates the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between parenting styles and different presentations of ROCD, including relationship-centered and partner-focused.  Methods: A total of 453 participants completed partner-related obsessive-compulsive Symptoms inventory, relationship obsessive-compulsive inventory, parental authority questionnaire, and Toronto alexithymia scale-20. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 26, and the Amos software, version 24. Results: The results demonstrated that the authoritarian parenting style has a significant positive relationship with relationship-centered and partner-focused obsession compulsion (OC) symptoms at a significance level of 0.01. Furthermore, the relationship between all three types of parenting styles, including authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive, with relationship-centered and partner-focused obsessions and compulsions symptoms, was mediated by alexithymia at the 0.05 significance level. Also, the fit indices suggested that the model has an acceptable overall fitness.  Conclusion: Parenting styles are related to ROCD symptoms through the mediating role of alexithymia, and this model can facilitate the etiology of ROCD symptoms and is used to design interventions and early identification of high-risk individuals.}, Keywords = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Interpersonal relations, Alexithymia, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Parenting style}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {165-178}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.2.932.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-908-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-908-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Ghazaei, Maryam and AbbasZadeh, Farib}, title = {Investigating the Relationship Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Quality of Life With Controlling Anxiety, Depression, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Iranian College Students}, abstract ={Objective: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is an essential psychological and psychiatric construct affecting distinct aspects of a person’s life. This study investigates whether SCT affects the quality of life (QoL) and whether this effect will persist after controlling attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on college students in Mashhad City, Iran. The participants were 279 students selected by the convenience sampling method from September 2020 to February 2021. The data collection tools included the Barkley adult ADHD rating scale-IV (Barkley, 2011), the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), and the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the hypotheses. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 24. The significance level of the research was considered α=0.05. Results: Correlation results showed that SCT, ADHD symptoms, anxiety, and depression are negatively correlated with the physical and mental dimensions of QoL. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that SCT was negatively associated with the total QoL (F change=4.1, P<0.05) and mental dimensions of QoL (F change=3.8, P<0.05) after controlling anxiety, depression, and ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: SCT is associated with low QoL among Iranian college students, and this relationship remains present after controlling ADHD, anxiety, and depression. In addition, the results of this research emphasize the importance of considering QoL in prospective research and SCT intervention. }, Keywords = {Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, Anxiety, Sluggish cognitive tempo, Depression, Quality of life (QoL)}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {179-188}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.2.934.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Seifi, Hajar and Tabrizi, Mostafa and Asadzade, Hass}, title = {Teaching Cognitive Behavioral Techniques on Attachment Styles, Mental health, and Optimism in Medical Students at Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran}, abstract ={Objective: This research investigates the effectiveness of teaching cognitive behavioral techniques on changing attachment styles and increasing mental health and optimism among medical students of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran. Methods: This quasi-experimental research adopted a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all medical students of Azad University from 2019 to 2020 in Mashhad City, Iran. A total of 13 medical students were selected by the purposeful sampling method. Then, using a random number table, they were placed in two experimental groups and a control group (n=15 in each group). Medical students in the cognitive behavioral therapy group received eleven 70-min sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy over five weeks (two sessions per week). The control group was considered on the waiting list. The attachment style questionnaire, 28-item general health questionnaire, and the life orientation test-revised were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test and the multivariate analysis of variance in the SPSS software, version 25. The significance level was considered to be <0.05.  Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of attachment styles, mental health, and optimism between the two groups immediately after the intervention (P<0.05).  Conclusion: Enhanced secure attachment style, the level of mental health, and optimism increased significantly in the cognitive behavioral therapy group after the intervention. Therefore, it is necessary to take particular measures to regularly hold sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for medical students with insecure attachment. }, Keywords = {Teaching cognitive behavioral techniques, Attachment styles, Mental health, Optimism}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {189-200}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.2.938.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Malekitabr, Alireza and Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, Anahita and Falsafinejad, Mohammad Reza and Vakili, Samir}, title = {The Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions in Improving Psychological Well-being of Persons With Visual Impairment: A Meta-analysis Study}, abstract ={Objective: It is essential to determine detailed studies to understand the effectiveness, mechanisms, moderators, and cost-effectiveness of psychological intervention programs on psychological well-being in visually impaired people. Methods: This systematic review focused on studies that evaluated the interventions to promote psychological, emotional, and social well-being. The data were collected by searching Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus databases using the keywords, “psychological well-being in visually impaired people”, “effectiveness of psychological interventions in people with visually impaired (VI)”, “depression in blind people”, “stress in visually impaired people”, “effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)”, “behavioral approach”, “rational emotive behavior therapy”, “schema therapy”, “cognitive therapy”, “mindfulness”, “orientation”, “acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)”, “music therapy”, “rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)”, “narrative therapy”, “compassion therapy”, “adventure”, “play therapy”, “meaning therapy”, and “group counseling” on visually impaired people. Each keyword was searched separately. The search was conducted on the documents that were published from 2003 to 2023. In the final step, 25 records were analyzed in the study.  Results: Most studies focused on adolescents and young adults. A total of 44 components were assessed; the psychological components included distress, stress, anxiety, self-concept, assessment of decisive behavior, and psychological well-being in seven studies; the emotional components included depression and aggressive behavior in 6 studies, and the social components included communication skills and empathic orientations, social participation and social anxiety, social anxiety, quality of life (QoL), creative skills, interpersonal openness, and self-esteem in 12 studies. The highest number of interventions conducted focused on CBT in 6 studies followed by REBT interventions conducted in 3 cases. Conclusion: Visually impaired people need effective and early interventions in life due to their limited vision. Since thinking, feeling, and action are intertwined in arousing a person, it seems that cognitive therapies can improve visually impaired people’s psychological well-being. The results also indicated CBT and REBT are more effective than other interventions.}, Keywords = {Psychological well-being, Visual impairment (VI), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Meta-analysis}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {201-216}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.3.746.7}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-933-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-933-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Gholamrezaei, Hadi and Falsafinejad, Mohammad Reza and Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, Anahit}, title = {Exploring the Dimensions of Online Child Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis Study}, abstract ={Objective: With the expanded use of the Internet, online child sexual abuse has been facilitated through the growing number of malicious websites that allow criminals to interact with children. Online child sexual abuse involves acquiring, displaying, collecting, and distributing sexual content to obtain sexual satisfaction from a child. Online child sexual abuse threatens the public mental health of society through its adverse effects on the mental health of children and families. To this end, the present study aims to review the studies on online sexual abuse to provide a comprehensive picture of this phenomenon.  Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative and systematic review method. The research population was 113 articles published in scientific databases in the last decade about online sexual abuse and its dimensions. The research sample consisted of 22 articles, which were selected based on thematic monitoring and theoretical saturation of data via purposive sampling. The data were collected from a qualitative analysis of the studied documents and records. Results: Data analysis revealed that indicators of online child sexual abuse are divided into 4 dimensions, 9 categories, and 56 subcategories, including knowledge components (low cyber knowledge, unawareness of the boundaries of online activities, low media literacy), psychological components (intrapersonal, interpersonal, personality, and interactive factors), approach-based components (cyberbullying, intimacy, and sexual-emotional abuse), and environmental components (cyberspace features and distribution platforms). Conclusion: Paying attention to the virtual environment for learners leads to the reduction of the existing injuries in this environment. Identifying the indicators and components of online sexual abuse of children allows educational leaders and those involved in virtual space to examine online sexual abuse from various dimensions.}, Keywords = {Children, Cyberbullying, Sexual abuse, Cybercrime, Qualitative research}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {217-230}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.3.758.4}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-924-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-924-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {AdibSaber, Fahimeh and Ansari, Soleym}, title = {Comparing the Influence of an Aqua-based Versus a Mindfulness-based Kata Techniques Training on Sleep Habits and Stereotypic Behaviors in Children With Autism}, abstract ={Objective: The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of aquatic and karate training programs on sleep habits and stereotypic behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).  Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design, with two intervention groups and one control group. The statistical population included all boys with ASD who were a member of the Autism Institute in Rasht City, Iran, in 2019. Of whom 30 individuals were selected using the purposive sampling method. Thirty children with autism (8–14 years) were randomly divided into karate exercise (n=10), aquatic training (n=10), and wait list control (n=10) conditions. The training groups practiced for 10 weeks, two sessions of 60 minutes per week. Karate exercises involved mindfulness Taikyoku Jodan Kata, consisting of blocking, punching, sticking, and kicking moves against an imaginary opponent. Aquatic training was a group intervention, including orientation training, basic swimming skills, and free swimming. Children’s sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ, 2000) and stereotype subscale of the Gilliam autism rating scale (GARS-2, 2006) were completed by parents during pre-and post-intervention. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was utilized for data analysis.  Results: The results indicated that both training interventions have a significant positive effect on stereotypic behaviors compared to the pre-intervention and control groups (P<0.01). We also found that the aquatic exercise group obtained better scores (P<0.001) and two subscale scores (sleep anxiety (P<0.001) and Parasomnias (P<0.05)) than the kata techniques training group, but no significant group effects were observed regarding the other subscales. Conclusion: It is recommended to provide a suitable environment at school or institute for children with ASD to participate in physical activities, such as aquatic and karate exercises to alleviate repetitive behaviors. Furthermore, it is suggested to use aqua-based training as a complementary approach in the field of improving common problems, such as the sleep habits of children with ASD.}, Keywords = {Stereotypic behaviors, Sleep habits, Children, Autism spectrum disorder, Mindfulness, Exercise, Swimming}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {231-240}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.3.928.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-906-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-906-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Ahmadbeigi, Zahra and BabapourKheireddin, Jalil and NosratAbad, Touraj Hashemi}, title = {Cognitive Abilities in Monolingual and Bilingual Children: A Comparative Study in Azerbaijan, Iran}, abstract ={Objective: Recent research has revealed that bilingual and monolingual people differ from each other in various areas, one of which is cognitive ability. This study aims to compare executive functions, selective attention, visual short-term memory, and auditory short-term memory in monolingual (Persian) and bilingual (Azeri Turkish-Persian) children. Methods: The statistical population of current case-control research included all monolingual and bilingual students (8-11 years old) in Tehran Province, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. Using the convenience sampling method, 56 monolingual primary school students (28 boys and 28 girls) and 56 bilingual primary school students (28 boys and 28 girls) were selected and matched regarding intelligence and socio-economic status. All members of the bilingual group learned their second language before entering elementary school. We used the computerized version of the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), the computerized version of the Stroop color and word test (SCWT), the Kim Karad visual memory test (KKVMT), Wechsler’s digit span test (WDST), and Raven’s colored progressive matrices (RCPM) test. The data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results indicated that bilingual children’s performance in executive functions, short-term auditory memory, and short-term visual memory was significantly higher than monolingual children (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding selective attention (P>0.05).  Conclusion: According to our results, bilingualism positively affected cognitive abilities. Moreover, bilingual children performed better in executive functions, visual short-term memory, and auditory short-term memory than monolingual children. However, no bilingualism effect emerged for selective attention.}, Keywords = {Bilingualism, Executive functions, Monolingualism, Selective attention, Short-term visual memory, Comparative study}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {241-252}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.3.958.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-930-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-930-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Fallah, Fatemeh and Rezapour-Mirsaleh, Yasser and Behjati, Fatemeh and Hatamian, Faezeh and Akbari, Maryam}, title = {The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on the Behavioral Performance of Children With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Time-series Study}, abstract ={Objective: Social anxiety is one of the most prevalent issues leading to significant functional and behavioral disorders in children. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback intervention on the behavioral performance of children with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a time series design and control group. The statistical population included all 6-8-year old children with SAD (according to the clinical interview and the cut-off score in Leibovitz’s social anxiety questionnaire) referring to the Ziai Counseling Clinic in Meybod City, Iran. A total of 10 children were selected by convenient sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 16 sessions of neurofeedback intervention, while the control group received no special intervention. Goodman’s abilities and problems questionnaire was used to measure children’s behavioral performance in five phases, pre-test, fourth, eighth, and twelfth sessions of the intervention phase, and post-test. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in behavioral performance; additionally, in the experimental group, a significant difference was observed between the scores of behavioral performances in different phases of measurement, but this difference did not exist in the control group. Conclusion: The neurofeedback intervention is effective in improving the behavioral performance of children with SAD and can be used as a complementary treatment alongside other psychological and drug treatments for these children.}, Keywords = {Social anxiety disorder (SAD), Behavioral Symptoms, Child, Neurofeedback}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {253-262}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.3.961.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-934-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-934-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Shiri, Esmaeil and Goudarzi, Ghazaal and Feyzi, Fatemeh and Khodaverdian, Mehrnaz}, title = {Investigating the Role of the Broad Autism Phenotype, Social Cognition, and Sense of Loneliness on Internet Addiction in College Students}, abstract ={Objective: Today, the Internet is a crucial part of life, especially the life of young people. Several factors may cause young people to have internet addiction (IA). This study aims to investigate the role of the broad autism phenotype (BAP), social cognition, and loneliness in creating IA among Iranian college students. Methods: The research method of this research was correlation and convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 218 students of Imam Khomeini International University studying at this university in 2022-2023. Research data were collected using questionnaires of IA, loneliness, theory of mind, and BAP and analyzed using correlation method and simultaneous multiple regression analyses.  Results: The coefficient of correlation showed that loneliness, social cognition, and BAP have a significant relationship with IA at the (P=0.01) level. Also, this analysis showed that social cognition and BAP are more predictive of IA among technical students than social science students. The results showed a significant relationship between loneliness, social cognition, and BAP with IA.  Conclusion: In this regard, the officials of educational centers should take extensive measures to reduce the impact of the factors that cause IA in students.}, Keywords = {Internet addiction, Broad autism phenotype (BAP), Theory of mind, Loneliness, Social cognition}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {263-274}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.3.962.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-935-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-935-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Farahmand, Mohammad Amin and Adibsereshki, Narges and Poshtmashhadi, Marjan and Bidhendi, Razieh}, title = {Influence of Group Active Play on Social Skill and Emotion Regulation in Children With Hearing Impairment}, abstract ={Objective: Hearing impairment is one of the sensory problems in children that affects various aspects of their lives and impacts their social skills (SS) and emotion regulation (ER).Research indicated that active play has a crucial role in children’s social and emotional development. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group active plays (GAP) on the SS and ER of children with hearing impairment. Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved a pre-test/post-test design with a two-month follow-up. The participants included 7 to 12-year-old boys with hearing impairment enrolled in the deaf-hearing impaired schools (2022-2023). Thirty children were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group participated in 12 interventional sessions, while the control group had the regular school program. Both groups completed SS and ER questionnaires (including before and after the intervention, and two months after the intervention [follow-up]). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software, version 25. Results: The results of this study indicated a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in SS (P<0.002). GAP also had a significant effect on ER (P<0.001). Moreover, it had a significant effect on liability/negativity which was one of the components of ER (P<0.022). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the implemented intervention (GAP) helped to improve SS, ER, and its component (liability/negativity) in children with hearing impairment. Coaches, teachers, and therapists can take steps to enhance SS and ER in children with hearing impairment by implementing GAP.}, Keywords = {Play and playthings, Social skill (SS), Emotion regulation (ER), Hearing impairment}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {275-284}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.3.963.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-936-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-936-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Saffari, Emad and Nasehi, Mohammad and Yousefzadeh, Peym}, title = {Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Marital Communication Patterns in Married Women: Investigating the Mediating Role of Defense Mechanisms}, abstract ={Objective: This descriptive-correlational study aims to investigate the mediating role of defense mechanisms (DMs) in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CER) and marital communication patterns (MCP) in married women in Tehran Province, Iran.  Methods: The statistical population of the study included all married women in Tehran Province in 2021. A total of 170 subjects were selected as the statistical sample of the study via convenience sampling methods. Data were collected using the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), the couples’ communication patterns questionnaire (CPQ), and the defense style questionnaire (DSQ). In data analysis, in addition to using descriptive statistics, the inferential statistics section was analyzed using SPSS software, version 26, and AMOS software, version 24. Results: Based on the goodness of fit indices, DMs play a mediating role in the relationship between CER strategies and MCP. The indirect size effect of the CER strategies on the MCP is positively significant with a standardized coefficient of 0.38 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, considering the importance of MCP in married life, CER strategies and DMs are necessary to inform and inform people about cognitive strategies of emotional regulation and emotional adjustment. Family therapists are recommended to consider CER strategies as well as DMs to treat marital issues.}, Keywords = {Excitement, Defense Mechanisms (DMs), Marital Pattern}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {285-296}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.3.942.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-919-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-919-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Khanipour, Hamid and Yarahmadi, Fathemeh}, title = {Countertransference Conceptualization From Freud to Era of Evidence-based Psychotherapies: A Conceptual Review}, abstract ={Objective: This study aims to explore the concept of countertransference from the early days of psychotherapy to the present.  Methods: Using a conceptual review method, this study examined articles and books in the domains of psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) from Freud’s time to the contemporary era. The results encompassed definitions, theories, measurement methods, and management strategies related to countertransference.  Results: The results revealed three main perspectives on countertransference, classical, holistic, and process-oriented. Over time, perspectives on this phenomenon have evolved to include behavioral and cognitive elements, such as avoidance, and distorted views of patients as other manifestations of countertransference. Countertransference is now viewed as more than just a reaction that hinders treatment; it is also considered a diagnostic clue to the patient’s personality structure and a valuable tool for gaining insight into treatment. Diverse tools have been to define and assess countertransference. A process-oriented model of countertransference provides a comprehensive framework for conceptualizing predictors and consequences of countertransference. Managing countertransference is a goal in all psychotherapy approaches with different techniques.  Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the understanding of countertransference has evolved from its origins in psychoanalysis to a trans-theoretical concept embraced by various contemporary approaches. A process-oriented framework for countertransference may effectively integrate diverse theoretical perspectives on the subject.}, Keywords = {Countertransference, Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis, Projection identification}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {297-306}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.4.63.8}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-947-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-947-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Yousefi, Rezvaneh Namazi and Davari, Rahim and JafariRoshan, Marj}, title = {Causal Relationship of Social Health and Meaning in Life With Suicidal Thoughts in Iranian Adolescents Mediated by Perceived Social Support}, abstract ={Objective: The present study was conducted to explain the causal relationship between social health and finding meaning in life with suicidal thoughts in adolescents living in welfare organizations by evaluating the mediating role of perceived social support (PSS).  Methods: The sample included 320 adolescents covered by Tehran’s State Welfare Organization (SWO), who were selected by multistage cluster sampling and participated in the research. The current study was descriptive and correlational (using structural equation modeling [SEM]). The data were collected using the social health questionnaire, the meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ), and the multidimensional scale of PSS (MSPSS) and were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22 and Amos software, version 24. Results: The direct path coefficient (PC) of social health (β=0.478, P>0.01), finding meaning in life (β=0.311, P>0.01), and PSS (β=0.427, P>0.01) with suicidal thoughts was negative and significant. The indirect path coefficient (PC) between social health (β=0.192, P=0.001) and finding meaning in life (β=0.111, P=0.001) with suicidal thoughts were negative and significant.  Conclusion: The structural model of the research was the same in terms of fit with the data of two groups of girls and boys. Adolescents covered by the SWO are more vulnerable to suicide due to their special experiences. The meaning of life and social connections can reduce suicidal thoughts in adolescents and act as protective factors.}, Keywords = {Suicidal thoughts, Social health, Finding meaning in life, Perceived social support (PSS)}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {307-322}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.4.890.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-957-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-957-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {ZanganehGheshlaghi, Mahjoubeh and Salehi, Mahdieh and JafariRoshan, Marj}, title = {The Mediating Role of Health Anxiety in Explaining Personality Dimensions and Death Anxiety in the Elderly}, abstract ={Objective: The elderly are associated with challenges, such as physical diseases, increased health anxiety (HA), and death anxiety (DA). The present study was conducted to develop a causal model of DA in the elderly living in nursing homes based on personality dimensions (PDs) mediated by HA and with the moderating role of gender.  Methods: The present research was conducted by correlation method and using path analysis. The statistical population of the research included all elderly living in private nursing homes in Tehran City, Iran in the summer and autumn of 2023, of which, 340 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. During one session and individually, the participants responded to the Templer DA scale (DAS) (1970), the short HA inventory (SHAI), and the HEXACO personality inventory-revised (HEXACO-PI-R).  Results: The results showed that the path coefficient (PC) between extraversion (β=-0.054, P=0.001), conscientiousness (β=-0.058, P=0.001), humility (P=0.001, β=-0.248), and emotionality (P=0.001, β=0.152) were significant with DA. The PC of HA (β=0.241, P=0.001) was significant with DA. Indirect PC of extraversion (P=0.001, β=0.054), conscientiousness (β=0.058, P=0.001), humility (P=0.049, β=0.023) and emotionality (P=0.001, β=0.038) were significant with DA.  Conclusion: HA mediates the relationship between PDs and DA. The research model was different in terms of fit with the data of two groups of women and men.}, Keywords = {Death anxiety (DA), Personality dimensions (PDs), Health anxiety (HA), Elderly}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {323-334}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.4.908.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-955-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-955-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {FadaeiMoghadam, Khadije and Razavi, Majid Rez}, title = {The Impact of Modern Technology on Learning and Retention Outcomes in Elementary School Mathematics}, abstract ={Objective: This study aims to investigate the application of modern educational software (MES) in the mathematics classroom environment to the learning and retention process. Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included 18794 fourth-grade female students in the elementary school in 2020-2021 in Mashhad City, Iran. Then the test group was taught using the creative technology program (CTP) in six sessions, and the control group was taught the traditional teaching method in six sessions. At the end of the training, math tests were performed in the test and control groups and the scores of the two groups were compared to measure learning. Then, two months later, to measure the amount of retention in the two groups, the math test was repeated and the results were compared with the pre-test results. Results: Based on the results, the CTP has a significant effect on learning and teaching mathematics to fourth-grade elementary students in Mashhad City. Conclusion: With the advancement of fundamentals of education, the implication of educational software has proved more favorable effects than traditional systems in education and has a higher success rate.}, Keywords = {Media in education, Elementary education, Gender studies, Improving classroom teaching}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {335-344}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.4.918.3}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-942-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-942-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Farimanian, Sima and Bayazi, Mohammad Hossei}, title = {Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-behavioral Therapy on the Psychological Security of Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus}, abstract ={Objective: Type 2 diabetes is an endocrine disease, the management of which is considered one of the necessities of medical science. Therefore, in recent years, improving the psychological security (PS) of these patients has been the focus of therapists. Group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) is one of the common methods to improve PS. The present study aims to investigate the effects of GCBT on the PS in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).  Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The sample included 30 elderly female patients with T2DM who visited a counseling center in Fariman City, Iran. Subjects were selected using the convenience sampling method. The study was conducted during August-September 2023. The subjects were assigned randomly into test (15) and control (15) groups. The test group received eight sessions of GCBT (90 minutes). Data were collected using Maslow’s psychosocial security questionnaire, at the pre-test and post-test. Results: The results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that GCBT significantly increased the PS in patients with T2DM (P≤0.05). GCBT was effective in improving the PS of the patients with T2DM.  Conclusion: This method can be used by psychiatrists and healthcare providers to enhance PS in patients with T2DM. The GCBT intervention with the protocol used in this study is effective in increasing PS in patients with T2DM. Therefore, GCBT can be used along with drug treatments for patients with T2DM. In addition, it is recommended that planners design programs to improve the PS of patients with T2DM based on this research.}, Keywords = {Group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT), Psychological security (PS), Patients with type II diabetes (T2DM)}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {345-360}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.4.931.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-939-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-939-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Noroozi, Mohadeseh and Kachooei, Mohsen and Behzadpoor, Samaneh and Farahani, Hojatollah}, title = {The Psychometric Properties Analysis of the Persian Emotion-focused Regulation Questionnaire}, abstract ={Objective: Emotions and emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) have a determinant role in maintaining people’s mental health. The emotion focused regulation questionnaire (EFRQ) is a new process tool based on a process model that demonstrates a replicable structure consisting of five emotion-focused strategies (EFS) (distraction, brooding, acceptance, cognitive rethinking (reflection and reappraisal), rumination, and expressive suppression (ES). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties analysis of the EFRQ scale in Iranian society. Methods: The current study was descriptive. The sample of the present study included 300 Iranian adults who were selected using the convenience sampling method. The Persian version of the scale was implemented along with the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) and emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ). To check the validity of the ERQ, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and convergent and divergent validity were used by calculating the Pearson correlation. Cronbach’s α coefficient method was also used to check its reliability. Results: The results of the CFA indicated the fit and desirability of the five-factor model. The significant correlations between this scale (EFRQ) and the DERS and ERQ confirmed the divergent and convergent validity of this scale. Internal consistency reliability (ICR) confirmed the EFRQ reliability with Cronbach’s α coefficients ranging from 0.83 to 0.85. Additionally, the values of Cronbach’s α coefficient and McDonald’s omega of all the factors of the new scale were higher than 0.7, which indicates the validity of this scale in Iranian society. Conclusion: The psychometric properties analysis of the Persian EFRQ showed suitable results. This scale can be used to measure people’s adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies and also as a reliable scale in clinical or research projects.}, Keywords = {Brooding, Emotion-focused regulation, Emotion regulation, Reflection}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {361-370}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.4.965.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-937-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-937-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Sadrzadeh, Fatemeh and Borjali, Ahmad and Rafezi, Zohreh}, title = {Self-compassion and Social Anxiety Symptoms: Fear of Negative Evaluation and Shame as Mediators}, abstract ={Objective: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can negatively impact various aspects of life, incurring significant personal and societal costs. Thus, it is necessary to identify protective factors that buffer against SAD symptoms and the mechanisms underlying their mitigation. This research aims to examine the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety symptoms among university students, specifically exploring the potential mediating effects of fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and shame. Methods: This study examined the relationships between variables through structural equation modeling (SEM) using a correlational design. The sample included 242 undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral students from Tehran’s public universities, selected via the convenience sampling method. Social phobia inventory, the self-compassion scale, the brief form of FNE scale, and the shame subscale of self-conscious affect questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation via SPSS software, version 22, and SEM using AMOS software, version 22. Results: The results from analyzing the structural relationships indicated a direct negative effect of self-compassion on social anxiety symptoms, FNE, and shame. Additionally, FNE and shame had a positive effect on social anxiety symptoms directly (P<0.01). Investigating the significance of mediating variables indicated an indirect negative effect of self-compassion on social anxiety symptoms, passing through FNE and shame as mediators (P<0.01). The research model had a good fit and accounted for 59% of the variance in social anxiety symptoms.  Conclusion: Based on the research results, increasing self-compassion can reduce social anxiety symptoms through both direct and indirect paths, by reducing the effect of FNE and shame.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Phobia, Social, Shame, Fear, Self-compassion, Students}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {371-382}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.4.967.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} } @article{ author = {Sharafi, Sayedeh Elham and ShegarfNakhaei, Mohammadreza and Taj, Ali}, title = {A Case Report of a Patient With Extreme Anorexia Nervosa and Hyper Prolactinoma: Complaints and Treatment}, abstract ={Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder, in which an individual suffers from severe weight loss, and disturbed physical and psychosocial functioning. It was previously diagnosed and reported in Western countries but its prevalence is on the rise in a Middle East country like Iran. This study aims to introduce a patient with AN with hyperprolactinoma. Methods: This study is a case report. A single, educated but not currently employed 32-year-old female patient was admitted with the chief complaint of a locked knee, weakness, and lethargy; she was hospitalized in the hematology ward due to electrolyte and hematological complications and then referred to the psychiatric service due to severe weight loss.  Results: The etiology and severity of the disorder were evaluated; psychiatric, electrolyte, cardiopulmonary, endocrine, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematological, and renal systems were assessed. Low-calorie intake was considered according to the latest guidelines, which prevented relevant complications and caused the patient’s optimal compliance with treatment.  Conclusion: AN is not necessarily caused by the patient’s body image, and physicians are advised not to rely on such misconceptions for diagnosis. Also, according to the results, the relationship between AN and hyperprolactinoma and pituitary microadenoma is observed. The measures taken led to the patient’s optimal compliance with the treatment.}, Keywords = {Anorexia nervosa (AN), Eating disorder, Prevention, Management, Treatment, Hyper prolactinoma}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {383-396}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/jpcp.12.4.970.1}, url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-941-en.html}, eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-941-en.pdf}, journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology}, issn = {2423-5822}, eissn = {2423-5822}, year = {2024} }