@article{ 
author = {Hayati, Marzieh and Ahmadi, Gholamreza and Lotfinia, Shahab and Hosseini, Seyed Morteza and Mousavi, Seyedeh Elnaz},  
title = {Cognitive Failure and Fear of COVID-19}, 
abstract ={Objective: In this study, the authors seek to investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and fear of COVID-19. Among the residents of Tehran Province, Iran, 415 people were selected through the available sampling method.  Methods: The research data was obtained through online questionnaires that were distributed to participants via platforms, such as Instagram, WhatsApp, and Telegram. Broadbent’s cognitive failure questionnaire and the scale of fear of COVID-19 were used in this study. The obtained data were analyzed by the independent t test and stepwise regression. Results: According to the findings, the relationship between following COVID-19 news and the fear of COVID-19 is negative. Also, a positive and significant relationship exists between memory error and fear of COVID-19. Also, the standard coefficients show that despite the direction of the effect, both variables have the same power to change the dependent variable. Conclusion: The findings showed that the subscale of memory (forgetfulness) predicts the fear of COVID-19, and the existence of memory problems, false triggering, and distractibility, which are components of cognitive failure, decrease individuals’ mental health.},  
Keywords = {COVID-19 pandemic, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive function, Cognitive test, Memory deficits},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-8}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.1.627.2},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-818-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-818-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sadeghi, Negar and Ezanlu, Balal},  
title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Adult Sources of Self-esteem Inventory Among Iranian Students}, 
abstract ={Objective: This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the adult sources of self-esteem inventory as a cross-cultural scale for assessing self-esteem. Methods: A sample of 500 students (350 females, 150 males) were selected from Kharazmi University in Iran and they completed the Persian version of the adult sources of Elovson and Fleming’s self-esteem inventory and Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale.  Results: The Cronbach α of 0.90 indicated the satisfactory reliability of the inventory. Also, the results of the explanatory factor analysis proposed 3 factors, namely the outer self, personal self, and relational self. Additionally, the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this structure. Conclusion: The findings showed that the Persian version of the adult sources of self-esteem inventory is a suitable tool to assess sources of self-esteem and can be used in research and intervention fields in Iranian samples.},  
Keywords = {Self-esteem, Validity, Reliability, Factor analysis},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {9-22}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.1.783.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-773-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-773-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pandey, Ruchi and Tiwari, Gyanesh Kumar and Rai, Pramod Kumar},  
title = {Understanding the Efficacy of Self-affirmation Intervention for Subclinical Depression Among Young Adults}, 
abstract ={Objective: This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of the Self-affirmation intervention for subclinical depression in Indian adults.  Methods: We used the experimental research design. Using purposive sampling, 80 participants with subclinical depression were chosen. The participants were randomly allocated equally to experimental (intervention) and control (non-intervention) groups. Their depression was measured at 3 intervals: pre- and post-interventions and follow-up. We hypothesized that Self-affirmation intervention will show curative and preventive capacity for subclinical depression. The data were analyzed using the 3-way analysis of variance method. Results: The results revealed the significant curative power of the Self-affirmation intervention for subclinical depression of the participants in the experimental group when compared to the control group. The main effects of conditions (intervention: control and experimental) and treatment intervals (pre-, post-, and follow-up) as well as their interaction effect were significant. Mean subclinical depression scores during pre- and post-interventions and follow-up intervals confirmed the curative and prophylactic power of the intervention.  Conclusion: The study findings indicated that the affirmation-based intervention carries both curative and preventive powers for subclinical depression, as reflected in the experimental group’s lower performance after the intervention and follow-up. The reverberating positive effects induced after Self-affirmation manipulation have remained active even after the intervention ended because of the underlying mechanisms of meaning, strengths, positive attributions, and beneficial social relationships that inhibit the relapse of subclinical depressive tendencies.},  
Keywords = {Young adults, Depression, Positive psychology, Psychological intervention, Experimental design},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {23-34}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.1.847.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-834-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-834-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Amini, Mahdi and Roshanpajouh, Mohsen and Hamraz, Iman and Abdolahpur, M. Ami},  
title = {The Role of Personality Traits, Personality Functioning, Traumatic Life Events, and Emotion-Regulation Difficulties in Predicting Polysubstance Use}, 
abstract ={Objective: Polysubstance use as a severity index in individuals with substance abuse disorder is associated with various psychological, social, cultural, and genetic factors. This research aims to examine the predictive role of personality traits, personality functions, traumatic life events, and emotion-regulation difficulties in polysubstance use and the severity of dependence. Methods: A total of 300 subjects (75.2% male) with the mean age of 40.07 years and standard deviation of 12.26 were chosen via the available sampling method. The subjects included individuals abusing one substance (30.6%), a group abusing multiple substances (37.5%), and a nonclinical group (31.7%). The participants completed the questionnaires of short-form personality inventory based on The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, levels of personality functioning scale, dysfunctional emotion regulation scale, and life events checklist. Results: The results of ranked regression and structural equation modeling indicated that the variables of personality traits (2.69), emotional regulation strategies (2.04), personality functioning (1.17), and stressful factors (1.65) had a significant role in predicting drug abuse. Conclusion: Personality affects all life dimensions. Emotion regulation strategies, by affecting maladaptive traits, especially negative affectivity and antagonism, as well as personality functions can predispose the person to polysubstance use.},  
Keywords = {Addiction, Personality traits, Emotion regulation, Substance use, DSM-5, Alternative model of personality disorders, Trauma},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {35-44}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.1.854.2},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-856-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-856-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shirkhani, Milad and Sadeghi, Amirhosein and NaeemiNezamAbad, Ali and Sabbagh, Kimi},  
title = {Investigating the Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Marital Satisfaction and Sexual Performance in Iranian Married Women}, 
abstract ={Objective: The present study defines the experiences of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and aims to explain its relationship with satisfaction with married life and sexual performance in Iranian married women. Methods: The statistical population included all married women in Tehran Province, Iran, in 2021 in the age range of 18 to 50 years. According to the study population, 200 people were selected as the sample using the available sampling method and answered the female sexual function index, developed by Rosen et al. (2000), the marital satisfaction questionnaire by Enrich (1989), and the unwanted childhood sexual experiences questionnaire by Stevenson (1998). In the statistical method, the research hypotheses were tested according to the normally distributed research variables, using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. Results: The results of the Pearson correlation showed a negative and significant relationship between the experience of CSA and satisfaction with married life, along with the two components of sexual pain and sexual desire in the variable of sexual performance (P<0.01). In addition, the multivariate regression results showed that CSA experiences could predict marital life satisfaction. However, only the component of maximum contact in the CSA variable predicted the components of sexual pain and sexual desire in the sexual performance variable (P<0.01). Conclusion: The experience of CSA in Iranian married women can affect their marital relationship and sexual performance. Accordingly, efforts should be made to identify these people and consider appropriate psychological measures for their recovery because, in Iranian culture, most people hide this incident out of social shame and fear of being dishonored.},  
Keywords = {Marital satisfaction, Sexual dysfunction, Child sexual abuse},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {45-56}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.1.861.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-846-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-846-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azad, Omi},  
title = {Investigating the Relationship Between Local and Global Coherence and Cognitive Processes in Persian-speaking Elderly Population}, 
abstract ={Objective: Many studies have suggested a relationship between coherence and cognitive processes. This study aims to investigate this hypothesis by assessing the relationship between cognitive variables and coherence in the discourse of 2 groups of Persian-speaking young adults and the elderly. Methods: To evaluate our participants’ cognitive capabilities, we employed the cognitive tests of the mini-mental status test, the Stroop-color task, the digit symbol copy task, the clock-drawing task, and the backward digit span. On the other hand, the specific tasks to evaluate the discourse properties of the participants were the single task of talking and the dual task of talking while walking. Results: The results demonstrated that the dual task did not impact local coherence while global coherence was significantly disrupted in both tasks. However, the global coherence scale was more negatively affected in the dual task compared to the single task. While the relationship between global coherence and cognitive variables was significant in both tasks, the relationship between global coherence and working memory measures was only significant in the dual task. Furthermore, no relationship was observed between the scale of local coherence and either cognitive or working memory measures.  Conclusion: Our findings corroborate previous findings that local and global coherence is manipulated by different cognitive processes and the maintenance of global coherence requires more demanding cognitive processes and is disrupted before local coherence occurs.},  
Keywords = {Cognition, Working memory, Coherence},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {57-68}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.1.864.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-849-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-849-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Chitgari, Fateme and Kianimoghadam, Amir Sam and Doostdari, Farnaz and TavalaeeNezhad, Zahra and Bakhtiari, Maryam},  
title = {Predicting Moral Reasoning With Spiritual Well-being and Personality: The Mediating Role of Empathy in Physicians and Nurses}, 
abstract ={Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has created many problems. This paper aims to predict moral reasoning through spiritual health and personality via the mediating role of empathy in physicians and nurses. Methods: The current research is a cross-sectional analysis conducted on 320 physicians and nurses working in hospitals’ COVID-19 wards. We used the available sampling method, and the research tools included the brief form of personality inventory for The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (Krueger et al. 2012), the spiritual well-being scale (Dehshiri 2009), the defining issue test-2 (Rest et al. 1986), and the interpersonal reactivity index (Davis 1983).  Results: The results of the current investigation indicated that spiritual well-being has a positive and significant effect on empathy (P<0.0001, β=0.236). Empathy has a positive and significant correlation with moral reasoning (P=0.032, β=0.117). And finally, the moral reasoning variable in the current model was calculated at 0.019. Conclusion: The current study shows that empathy can predict moral reasoning. Meanwhile, understanding the feelings of others can be more useful in judgment and decision-making. In addition, spiritual health can play an important role in empathy.},  
Keywords = {Moral reasoning, Spiritual well-being, Personality disorders, Empathy, Physicians, Nurses},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {69-80}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.1.848.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-836-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-836-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghorbanikhah, Elaheh and Mohammadyfar, Mohammad Ali and Moradi, Shahab and Delavarpour, MohammadAgh},  
title = {The Effectiveness of Acceptance-and-Commitment-Based Parenting Training on Mood and Anxiety in Children and Self-compassion in Parents}, 
abstract ={Objective: Depression and anxiety are common in children and a major cause of many illnesses and disabilities in this age group; Moreover, parents have the greatest impact on shaping the mental health and well-being of their children and there is a vast literature describing the importance of parenting factors in the development of depression and anxiety in children.  Methods: We used the experimental research design in this study. The sample consisted of 34 children with depression and anxiety who were randomly allocated into ACT on parenting (intervention) and control groups via the randomization method. The intervention group received eight 2-h sessions weekly. The revised child anxiety and depression scale, parent short versions and the self-compassion scale were administered in both groups. The analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) and the repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to determine the difference between the intervention and control groups on depression, anxiety, and self-compassion.  Results: ANCOVA and repeated measures ANOVA results showed clinically significant changes in depression and anxiety in children and self-compassion in parents in the intervention group (P<0.001). The Mean±SD of depression in the intervention group was 16.50±0.89 at baseline, which significantly decreased to 2.94±3.27 at post-measure and 2.25±3.35 at follow-up (P<0.001). The Mean±SD of anxiety was 18.19±1.87, which significantly decreased to 7.63±4.34 at post-measure and 7.06±4.52 at follow-up (P<0.001). Additionally, the mean and SD score of self-compassion was 56.43±3.14 in pre-intervention, which significantly improved to 97.18±3.72 in post-intervention and 98.25±4.76 at follow-up (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results show that ACT-based parenting is an effective treatment for depression and anxiety in children. This method also improves self-compassion in parents.},  
Keywords = {Acceptance-and-commitment-therapy-based parenting, Depression, Anxiety, Children, Self-compassion, Parent},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {81-92}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.1.860.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-847-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-847-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nooripour, Roghieh and Nasershariati, Mohammad Ali and Amirinia, Maryam and Ilanloo, Hossein and Habibi, Ahmad and Chogani, Misagh},  
title = {Investigating the Effectiveness of Group Metacognitive Therapy on Internet Addiction and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Among Adolescents}, 
abstract ={Objective: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy on internet addiction and cognitive-emotional regulation among adolescents. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design that included pre-test s, post-tests, and follow-ups. In the 2020-2021 academic year, all the male adolescents in Qazvin City, Iran were included in this study. A total of 30 adolescents were randomly selected and assigned to intervention or control groups based on the convenience sampling method (n=15). We provided ten 90-min group metacognitive therapy sessions to the intervention group, while the control group received no intervention. The internet addiction questionnaire along with the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire was used to collect the data. We conducted the multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures, and Fisher least significant difference post hoc test via the SPSS software, version 26. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that group metacognitive therapy significantly affected adolescents’ internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation (P<0.05). In addition, the analysis revealed that internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation among adolescents were significantly different between intervention and control groups. The treatment remained unchanged at the follow-up stage (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended that school and family counselors be trained and given executive duties in group metacognitive therapy, which influences Iranian adolescents. These methods may assist overactive adolescents and their families in achieving their learning goals through empowerment, analysis, and interpretation workshops and meetings.},  
Keywords = {Metacognitive, Internet addiction, Emotion regulation, Adolescent},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {93-102}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.2.288.8},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-862-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-862-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {HomayounniaFirouzjah, Morteza and Pourazar, Mortez},  
title = {Retracted Article: Investigating Psychic and Body Complications Caused by Inactivity Among Students of University During the COVID-19 Pandemic}, 
abstract ={Statement of Retraction: The Office of the Journal Practice in Clinical Psychology, owned by the University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences and published by the Negah Institute for Social Research & Scientific Communication (a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics, COPE), hereby retracts the following article: Homayounnia Firouzjah M, Pourazar M. Investigating Psychic and Body Complications Caused by Inactivity Among Students of University During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Practice in Clinical Psychology. 2023;11(2):103–116. doi:10.32598/jpcp.11.2.703.3 Received: 10 November 2022 Accepted: 29 November 2022 Reason for Retraction: Post-publication assessment established that the above article was submitted concurrently on 10 November 2022 to two journals and subsequently resulted in duplicate publication of the same study, dataset, methods, and results (with only minor editorial differences). The second publication is: Homayounnia Firouzjah M, Pourazar M, Nazari Kakvandi S. Mental and Physical Conditions Associated with Physical Inactivity Among Farhangian University Students During Virtual Classes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023;14:1094683. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1094683 Received: 10 November 2022 Accepted: 20 February 2023 Concurrent submission and duplicate publication contravene the journal’s policies and internationally accepted publication ethics, including COPE guidance.  This retraction has been issued by the Publisher in agreement with the Editorial Board to safeguard the integrity of the scholarly record. The online article will remain accessible with a clear “Retracted” notice and a link to this statement.  Issued by: Office of the Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology, September 15, 2025 Abstract: Objective: The level of mobility and general health has decreased among students in virtual classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the mental and physical complications caused by inactivity among the students of Farhangian University during virtual classes.  Methods: This was survey research with a cross-sectional design. The statistical population included all male and female students studying at Farhangian University of Mazandaran Province, Iran. According to the determination of the sample size based on the Morgan table, 475 students, consisting of 214 females and 261 males, were randomly selected as the statistical sample of the study. The research instruments include the international physical activity questionnaire, Saehan Caliper (SH5020), the Coopersmith self-esteem scale (1967), the Beck depression questionnaire, and the Nordic skeletal and muscular disorders questionnaire. To analyze the data, we used the independent sample t test to compare the two groups. All analyses were conducted using the SPSS software, version 24. Results: The research findings showed that the average weekly activity level among women was 634±281 MET/min, and the average weekly activity level among men was 472 ±231 MET/min. In terms of fat percentage by gender, men’s average fat percentage was 21.47%±4.74%, and women’s average fat percentage was 31.55%±4.37%. Meanwhile, the self-esteem scores of male and female students were obtained at 29.72 and 29.43, respectively. The difference between the two was considered significant as P<0.05. In addition to these findings, the correlation between self-esteem and activity level was +0.41. On the other hand, 25(67%) female students and 12(32%) male students suffered from high depression.  Conclusion: Concerning students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings proved that both genders suffered from physical complications during virtual classes. This study suggests increasing the level of physical activity to reduce body fat mass, increase mental health, and reduce skeletal disorders, which can be properly accomplished through university planning and prioritizing the health of male and female students.},  
Keywords = {Activity, Mental and physical complications, Farhangian University, COVID-19},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {103-116}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.2.703.3},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-857-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-857-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghaderi, Farzad and Akrami, Nahid and Namdari, Koroosh and Abedi, Ahm},  
title = {Investigating the Effectiveness of Transdiagnostic Treatment on Maladaptive Personality Traits and Mentalized Affectivity of Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comorbid With Depression: A Case Study}, 
abstract ={Objective: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment on maladaptive personality traits and mentalized affectivity of patients with generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with depression. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a single case method. The statistical population included people with generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with depression who were referred to counseling centers in Isfahan City, Iran in 2020. From this population, 5 people were selected via purposive sampling and they were intervened with transdiagnostic treatment through weekly sessions held individually. The subjects were assessed at the baseline, third, fifth, eighth, and tenth sessions, and during a 1-month follow-up period using the short version of the adult version of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, personality questionnaire, and the mentalized affectivity scale. To report the data, we used visual analysis, reliable change index, improvement percentage, and statistical and clinical significance. Results: The visual analysis, percentage of improvement, and reliable change index (RCI≥1/96), showed that transdiagnostic treatment created statistically significant changes and improvement in mentalized affectivity components, negative affectivity, and detachment; however, it did not have a significant effect on other personality traits (antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism). Conclusion: Transdiagnostic treatment is an effective treatment to modulate the mentalized affectivity, negative affectivity, and detachment of people with generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with depression.},  
Keywords = {Transdiagnostic treatment, Generalized anxiety disorder, Depression, Comorbidity, Personality traits, Mentalized affectivity},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {117-130}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.2.862.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-848-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-848-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bahrampour, Sara and Davoodi, Azam and Fath, Najmeh and Naziri, Ghasem},  
title = {The Mediating Role of Postpartum Depression and Childbirth-related PTSD in the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Postpartum Bonding Among Mothers in Ahvaz City, Iran}, 
abstract ={Objective: Several studies have explored the correlation between postpartum depression and a weak mother-infant bond; however, fewer studies have analyzed how other postpartum mental health conditions, such as childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or important personal characteristics, including adult attachment styles, affect the quality of the mother-infant bond. This study aims to examine the association between attachment styles and postpartum bonding in mothers, considering the mediating influence of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. Methods: A total of 150 mothers, 4 to 12 weeks postpartum, completed a demographic questionnaire, the Edinburgh postpartum depression questionnaire, the posttraumatic stress questionnaire related to the birth of a child, the mother-child bonding questionnaire, and the attachment style questionnaire. The posttraumatic stress related to the birth of a child questionnaire was translated into Persian for the first time and was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The proposed model was examined by the structural equation modeling method. Results: The conceptual model’s results showed that the direct and standardized effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.49, P=0.001) and avoidant attachment style (β=0.47, P=0.001) on postpartum depression were significant. Also, the direct effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.59, P=0.001) on postpartum PTSD was significant. However, the coefficient of avoidant attachment style (β=-0.04, P=0.581) was not significant for postpartum PTSD. Also, the coefficients were investigated from the direct effect of postpartum depression, postpartum PTSD, anxious attachment style, and avoidant attachment style. The obtained results showed that postpartum depression (β=0.27, P=0.001), postpartum PTSD (β=0.43, P=0.001), and anxious attachment style (β=0.39, P=0.001) could predict the mother-child bond. However, the avoidant attachment style (β=0.00, P=0.946) could not predict the mother-child bond. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that insecure attachment styles were linked to challenges in forming a strong mother-infant bond. Anxious attachment was also associated with bonding difficulties, which were influenced by symptoms of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. In contrast, a higher degree of avoidant attachment style was associated with more significant difficulties in bonding, which were mediated by symptoms of depression. Accordingly, if interventions aim to enhance the mother-infant bond, treatment should focus on addressing childbirth-related PTSD, PPD symptoms, and insecure attachment styles.},  
Keywords = {Postpartum depression, PTSD, Attachments, Bonding},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {131-140}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.2.870.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-853-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-853-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rostami, Masoumeh and Bakhtiarpour, Saeed and Hafezi, Fariba and Naderi, Farah},  
title = {Investigating the Effectiveness of Verbal Self-education Training on Academic Procrastination and Symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescent Boys With Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, 
abstract ={Objective: This research aims to study the effectiveness of verbal self-instruction training on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic procrastination in male teenagers with ADHD.  Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all male teenagers with ADHD in Tabriz City, Iran. A total of 30 male teenagers with ADHD were selected via the purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research tools were the child symptom inventory-4 questionnaire and the Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination scale. Descriptive statistical indices and the analysis of covariance tests were employed for data description and testing of the research hypotheses.  Results: The F ratio of the univariate analysis of covariance for dependent variables showed a significant difference in the variables of academic procrastination and ADHD symptoms between the experimental and the control (P>0.001) group. Accordingly, verbal self-instruction is effective in improving academic procrastination and ADHD.  Conclusion: The results showed that verbal self-instruction training affects symptoms of ADHD and academic procrastination.},  
Keywords = {Verbal self-instruction, Symptoms of attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder, Academic procrastination},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {141-150}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.2.851.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-839-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-839-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Yekta, Mehrnaz and Farahani, Mohammad Naghy and Khanipour, Hamid and Shahgholian, Mahnaz},  
title = {Investigating the Effective Factors in the Formation of Deliberate Self-harm in Adolescence: Mental Health Professionals’ Viewpoints}, 
abstract ={Objective: This study aims to investigate the issues related to the formation and persistence of deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescents from Iranian mental health professionals’ viewpoints.  Methods: The present qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to record the experiences of 9 mental health professionals with work experience in deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescence. The participants were selected via the purposive sampling method. The Sterling content analysis method was used to analyze the transcription of the interviews. Results: The semantic units of the interview were classified into 32 initial codes. The extracted sub-themes were as follows: A rejection of new identities, repression, the disintegration of social identity, materialism, economic poverty, unresolved parental conflicts, the lack of authority, the ambivalency between boundaries and freedom, shame, and guilt, blame, fear of harm, liberation, self-care, escape mechanism, and replacement, affect regulation, coping with self-disintegration and self-esteem, relationship conflicts with adults and peers, identity creation, identity disorder, boundless mental structure, lack of self-confidence, and distorted self-perception. The following four themes were categorized as subcategories of transformational injuries: Traumatic society, vulnerable family, interpersonal impact, and interpersonal effectiveness. Conclusion: Mental health specialists considered deliberate self-harm traumatic; however, they deem it for eliminating negative emotions and controlling the internal and external world of adolescents. Furthermore, they consider this behavior a reaction to cultural conflicts, cultural materialism, and the disintegration of identity and role during adolescence in families not being capable to facilitate low-risk transformation for adolescents because of economic and psychological factors.},  
Keywords = {Deliberate self-harm, Adolescents, Qualitative, Mental health professionals},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {151-166}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.2.839.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-833-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-833-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abasi, Imaneh and Farzin, Azin and SohrabzadehFard, Amin and MasjediArani, Abbas and Poursharifi, Hamid and EbrahimzadehMousavi, Mohammad and Mehrabi, Ali},  
title = {Investigating the Psychological Risk and Protective Factors Related to Fear of COVID-19 During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran}, 
abstract ={Objective: The current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with numerous psychological issues, such as anxiety and distress as a result of individual, health-related, social, and economic issues. This study aims to assess the general population in Iran for the negative impacts of the current pandemic on psychological well-being and to find possible protective and risk factors when facing such situations in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 317 people participated in an online survey in Iran from August 3, 2020, to September 20, 2020. Anxiety, depression, fear of COVID-19, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were evaluated.  Results: The results showed that measures that assess anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were significantly related to fear of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the results of regression analysis demonstrated that neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, and illness perception could predict fear of COVID-19 beyond and above anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Some factors, including neuroticism, illness perception, and intolerance of uncertainty are considered risk factors for mental health during this pandemic.},  
Keywords = {COVID-19, Anxiety, Neuroticism, Intolerance of uncertainty, Illness Perception},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {167-176}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.2.853.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-840-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-840-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Farmani, Fardin and Pourshahriar, Hossein and Nejati, Vahid and Shokri, Omi},  
title = {Investigating the Effectiveness of Cognitive Enhancement on Quality of Life in the Elderly With Mild Cognitive Impairment}, 
abstract ={Objective: Cognitive enhancement is a noninvasive brain treatment that has the potential to improve cognitive deficits in patients with symptoms of cognitive impairment, such as mild cognitive impairment. Studies have not investigated the effectiveness of this method on people’s quality of life; therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive enhancement on the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: As a quasi-experimental study, the authors utilized the pre-test-post-test design with follow-up. The statistical population of the study was elderly with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 40 senior patients with cognitive abnormalities who were referred to the Rehabilitation Clinic of the Payambaran Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, were picked at random and assigned into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of cognitive enhancement. To measure the variables, the LEIPAD QoLquestionnaire was employed. The data were analyzed using the two-way repeated measures analysis of variance via the SPSS software, version 25.  Results: In terms of the post-test quality of life, the results revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The QoLof the elderly with mild cognitive impairment was impacted by cognitive improvement. The follow-up studies also demonstrated that the observed disparities between the groups were persistent over time (P<0.05). Conclusion: In addition to affecting the cognitive abilities of the brain, cognitive enhancement can affect the QoLof the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.},  
Keywords = {Cognitive enhancement, Quality of life, Elderly, MCI},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {177-186}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.2.825.2},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-863-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-863-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Farahi, Sara and Naziri, Ghasem and Davodi, Azam and Fath, Najmeh},  
title = {The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in the Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas, Alexithymia, and Emotional Intelligence With Somatic Symptoms in People With Somatic Symptoms Disorder}, 
abstract ={Objective: The present study was done to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, alexithymia, and emotional intelligence with the somatic symptoms in people with somatic symptom disorder (SSD). Methods: The research population consisted of 360 people with SSD referred to the psychosomatic department of Taleghani Hospital in Tehran in 2021 and were referred by psychiatrists and psychologists of medical centers selected by an accessible sampling method. The participants were asked to complete the Toronto alexithymia scale, early maladaptive schemas questionnaire, Bar-on emotional intelligence scale, cognitive emotion regulation strategies scale, and Takata and Sakata psychosomatic symptom scale. Data were analyzed by correlation analysis and structural equation modeling test Results: The findings indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the data. The results of the path analysis showed that cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between alexithymia and maladaptive schemas with SSD. Also, the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies between emotional intelligence and somatic symptoms was not significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that maladaptive schemas and alexithymia with somatic symptoms have no linear and simple relationship, but other variables, such as cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a mediating role in this relationship. Also, the findings of the current research can be used in order to prevent and understand the underlying etiologies and treatment of SSD. Coresponding author: Ghasem Naziri, E-mail: naziryy@yahoo.com You can also search for this author in:  PubMed, Google scholar},  
Keywords = {Somatic symptom disorder, Early maladaptive schema, Alexithymia, Emotional intelligence, Cognitive emotion regulation strategy},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {187-200}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.3.887.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-876-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-876-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Eshtehard, Mehdi Mehraban and Babakhani, Narges and HassaniAbharian, Peym},  
title = {The Effect of Training Based on Metacognition and Emotion Regulation on Health Behavior Self-management of Overweight Middle-aged People}, 
abstract ={Objective: The present study was conducted to find the effectiveness of training in metacognition and emotion regulation on the health behavior self-management of middle-aged overweight people and investigate the difference in the effectiveness of training based on metacognition and emotion regulation. Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up and two intervention groups and one control group. The participants were people referring to weight loss clinics in Tehran. Convenience sampling was done by inviting on social networks. The total number of the research sample was 57 people who were placed in two experimental groups of training based on metacognition (18 people), emotion regulation (19 people), and a control group (20 people). All three groups were first pre-tested for self-management of health behavior. Then, the two experimental groups received the desired intervention; metacognition training and emotion regulation, and then, all three groups were subjected to a post-test using Walker and Pender’s lifestyle questionnaire, and the results of the two experimental groups and the control group were compared. Results: The results showed that metacognition (F(2, 34)=98.987, P<0.001, effect size=0.853) and emotion regulation (F(2, 36) =118.450, P<0.001, effect size=0.868) were effective in health behavior self-management and increasing health behaviors in general. There was no significant difference between their effectiveness (P>0.211). Conclusion: There are many theories to explain the principles used in health behavior and self-management to perform health behavior and promote and educate it. This research dealt with this category from the perspective of some of the principles of the third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy, and its results can be used in the formulation of health promotion training programs in healthcare systems. This research aimed to explain some of the individual and psychological aspects of health behavior. Specifically, the results of this research can be used in the prevention and treatment of overweight in institutions engaged in this field. Coresponding author: Narges Babakhani, E-mail: babakhani@riau.ac.ir You can also search for this author in: Google scholar},  
Keywords = {Metacognitive training, Emotion regulation, Self-management, Health behavior},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {201-210}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.3.309.2},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-870-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-870-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jafarzade, Melina and MohammadpanahArdakan, Azra and RezapourMirSaleh, Yasser},  
title = {The Effectiveness of Play Therapy Combined With a Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Trauma Symptoms and the Loneliness Feeling}, 
abstract ={Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of play therapy combined with a traumatic cognitive-behavioral approach on the symptoms of trauma and the feeling of loneliness of the victims of sexual abuse. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all sexually-abused Afghan girls. Of whom 20 individuals were selected using the available sampling method. To conduct the questionnaire, the experimental and control group participants were examined before and after the experiment. Data were collected using Asher and Wheeler’s child trauma symptoms scale and the child loneliness scale presented by Foa et al. The assessment program consisted of 14 sessions for the treatment group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: By controlling the effect of the pre-test, a significant difference was observed between the mean scores of participants’ trauma symptoms and the mean scores of participants’ loneliness in terms of group (P<0.05).  Conclusion: The results revealed that the play therapy combined with the cognitive-behavioral trauma-oriented treatment resulted in reduced trauma symptoms but not loneliness in these children. Coresponding author: Azra Mohammadpanah Ardakan, E-mail: azramohammadpanah@ardakan.ac.ir You can also search for this author in: Google scholar},  
Keywords = {Play therapy, Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, Trauma, Loneliness, Sexual abuse},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {211-222}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.3.614.2},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-858-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-858-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mansoori, Jamileh and Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, Anahita and Falsafinejad, Mohammad Reza and KashaniVahid, Leil},  
title = {Bereavement for a Loved Person: A Look at the Opinions and Process of Coping With Grief in the COVID-19 Era}, 
abstract ={Objective: The challenges of grief caused by the COVID-19 epidemic and how to deal with it are serious issues affecting people worldwide, including Iran. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explore the nature of mourning for those who lost their family members during the COVID-19 epidemic and identify the quality of strategies used to cope with it.  Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a grounded theory approach. The study participants were 20 survivors of COVID-19 in Tehran City, Iran, who were grieving the loss of their loved ones during the epidemic in 2021. The participants were selected using purposeful sampling. The data were collected through quasi-structured interviews with the participants. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding.  Results: The results revealed three main categories: Underlying factors affecting grief (beliefs and attitudes toward death and the afterlife, the public reaction to grief, the specific position and role of the deceased), the nature and development of grief (including feelings of anger at the community and the medical staff, the nature of death due to COVID-19 and blaming oneself for the illness and death of the deceased), and coping and managing grief (coping the thought of death and the meaning of life, inducing life in oneself and other survivors, and changing the pattern of thinking and behaving towards others and life). Conclusion: The COVID-19 survivors who are grieving the loss of their loved ones can use this model to better understand and manage to cope with grief and adapt to it simultaneously. Ultimately, this process led to adaptation to mourning and adopting effective coping strategies in the COVID-19 survivors. The core category revealed in the study was “optimal coping with grief and loss during the COVID-19 epidemic”. Coresponding author: Anahita Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, E-mail: a.khodabakhshid@khatam.ac.ir You can also search for this author in:  PubMed, Google scholar},  
Keywords = {COVID-19, Mourning, Optimal coping, Grief, Loved person, Qualitative study},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {223-238}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.3.746.4},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-866-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-866-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shirkhani, Milad and AghamohammadianSharbaf, Hamidreza and Moeenizadeh, Maji},  
title = {Predicting the Severity of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms Based on Traumatic Childhood Experiences: The Mediating Role of Self-criticism}, 
abstract ={Objective: The present study was conducted to predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) severity based on childhood traumatic experiences through the mediating role of self-criticism. Methods: This descriptive correlation study was done using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included adults living in Mashhad in 2021, aged from 18 to 50 years with access to the Internet. Of these, 340 individuals were selected as a sample using the available method. Data were collected using the Yale-Brown obsessive scale (Y-BOCS), the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), and the levels of self-criticism questionnaire LOCS. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling method using SPSS software version 26 and AMOS software, version 24. Results: Results showed a significant correlation between childhood traumatic experiences (r=0.51) and self-criticism (r=0.57) with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P<0.01). Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the model of the present study had an acceptable fitness and the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (χ2/df≤3) was significant (0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, traumatic childhood experiences are able to predict and affect the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms through interaction with self-criticism. Coresponding author: Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf, E-mail: aghamohammadian@um.ac.ir You can also search for this author in:  PubMed},  
Keywords = {Traumatic childhood experiences, Self-criticism, Obsessive-compulsive symptoms},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {239-248}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.3.814.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-864-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-864-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Karimi, Sara and Doostdari, Farnaz and BahadoriyanLotfabadi, Nahid and Yosefi, Rahim and Soleymani, Mehran and Kianimoghadam, Amir Sam and Safari, Farshi},  
title = {The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Predicting Legitimacy, Seduction, Normalization, Sexuality, Social Background, and Sensation Seeking in Marital Infidelity}, 
abstract ={Objective: Marriage has been introduced as the most important and main communication factor between humans. Infidelity in marriage is one of the most damaging problems that affect commitment and marriage relationships. The present study investigated the role of early maladaptive schemas in predicting components of marital infidelity. Methods: This study attempted to determine the role of early maladaptive schemas in predicting legitimacy, seduction, normalization, sexuality, social background, and sensation seeking in marital infidelity. The population comprised all the students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran, in the academic year 2019-2020. Considering the size of the population, 200 students were selected as a sample through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an infidelity questionnaire (Yeniceri & Kökdemir, 2006) and Young’s early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (Young, 1999). Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation (β=-0.15) between the over-vigilance/inhibition and the legitimacy of infidelity (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation (β=0.10) between impaired autonomy and performance with normalization (P<0.05). Also, impaired limits had a significant positive correlation (β=0.10) with the social background in marital infidelity (P<0.05). Multiple regressions analysis showed that over-vigilance/inhibition (β=-0.024, P>0.05) and impaired limits (β=0.15, P>0.05) were predictors of legitimacy. Impaired autonomy and performance (β=0.15, P>0.05) and other-directedness (β=-0.13, P>0.05) were predictors of seduction. Impaired autonomy and performance were predictors of normalization (β=0.06, P>0.05). Over-vigilance/inhibition could predict sexuality (β=-0.13, P>0.05). Disconnection and rejection could predict sensation seeking (β=0.016, P>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated the predictive role of early maladaptive schemas on the tendency of marital infidelity. When couples become aware of negative initial maladaptive schemas, conflict and eventually marital discord may decrease. Coresponding author: Amir Sam Kianimoghadam, E-mail: kianimoghadam@sbmu.ac.ir You can also search for this author in:  PubMed, Google scholar},  
Keywords = {Human relationships, Marriage, Common life, Marital infidelity, Early maladaptive schemas},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {249-258}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.3.848.2},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-851-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-851-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {VosoughiMotlagh, Afsaneh and Mohammadi, Nurallah and Taghavi, Mohammad Reza and Goodarzi, Mohammad Ali},  
title = {Investigating Cognitive Control and Repetitive Thinking in Clinical Groups With Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder}, 
abstract ={Objective: Some theories state that a deficiency in cognitive control makes people more vulnerable to the occurrence of repetitive negative thoughts. The present study is aimed to investigate the association between cognitive control and repetitive thinking in major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: Thirty people with major depressive disorder and 30 people with generalized anxiety disorder were selected by purposive sampling method from counseling and psychiatry centers in Shiraz City. Then, the Stroop and Wisconsin tests were performed and the questionnaires on rumination, worry, depression, and anxiety were completed. The obtained results were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between cognitive control and rumination in the depression group and worry in the generalized anxiety group. The level of cognitive control, rumination, and worry was not significantly different in cases with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, reducing attention control is considered a risk factor for repetitive thinking, including rumination and worry. The lack of significant difference in cognitive control, rumination, and worry can indicate common unified transdiagnostic components in these disorders. Coresponding author: Afsaneh Vosoughi Motlagh, E-mail: afsoonvosoughi@gmail.com  },  
Keywords = {Major depressive disorder, Generalized anxiety disorder, Cognitive control, Rumination, Worry},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {259-266}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.3.856.2},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-874-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-874-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gohari, Fatima and Rahnejat, Amir Mohsen and Karimlou, Masou},  
title = {Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Version of STIG–9 Questionnaire in People With Mental Disorders}, 
abstract ={Objective: The stigma of mental disorders is a common phenomenon, that barricades seeking medical help. Stigma includes a negative attitude toward a person that occurs due to a distinctive feature, such as race, sexual orientation, or mental disorder. Regarding the negative consequences of the stigma in the course of the disorder and the life of people with mental illness, the aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the stigma-9 questionnaire (STIG-9) in people with mental disorders. Methods: The statistical population included all military personnel with mental disorders hospitalized in the 505 Psychiatric Hospital from October 2020 to January 2021. By convenience sampling method, 95 patients were selected. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software, version 26, and for factor analysis, R Coding software version 3.6.3 and R package lavaan 0.7 were used. Results: The face validity was evaluated quantitatively using impact score and the content validity was evaluated quantitatively using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) based on the opinion of 15 experts. All items were validated in terms of face and content validity. To evaluate the internal consistency, Cronbach’s α coefficient was calculated (α=0.86). Factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity. The results of factor analysis showed that the questionnaire had three factors. Conclusion: The Stig-9 questionnaire is an appropriate instrument to evaluate perceived stigma in people with mental disorders in Iranian society. Coresponding author: Fatima Gohari, E-mail: f.gohari001@gmail.com  },  
Keywords = {Stigma, STIG-9, Mental disorder, Psychometric properties},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {267-276}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.3.897.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-883-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-883-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {HomayounniaFirouzjah, Morteza and DehestaniArdekani, Mojtaba and AzadianDalasm, Refail},  
title = {Retracted Article: The Effect of Paintball Game on Motor Performance, Neuropsychological and Social Skills Children With Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, 
abstract ={Statement of Retraction: In accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Retraction Guidelines, the PDF and HTML versions of this article have been updated to prominently display the notice:  "This article has been retracted due to plagiarism."  This notice is clearly visible to all readers accessing the article, ensuring transparency and maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in children. This study aims to investigate the effect of baseball training on motor and psychological performance and behavioral characteristics of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).  Methods: To experiment, the sample group was randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Fitness and motor test measures, behavioral measures, and neuropsychological tests are performed as a pre-test for both experimental and control groups. Then, the experimental group received baseball training for one month in 12 sessions with an average of 30 minutes, and the control group received no training. After the end of the course, the tests were re-administered on both experimental and control groups. The results of the study show that the mean of the two groups in pre-test is not significantly different; however, in the post-test, a big difference was found between the two experimental and control groups. Results: Comparing the groups in post-test by subtracting the effect of the pre-test showed a significant difference between the groups (P>0.001), which indicated the effectiveness of exercises and sports activities in reducing behavioral disorders of the experimental group (P>0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the baseball game has a positive impact on all the investigated components. According to the results of the study, to design treatment programs for hyperactive/inattentive children, the use of baseball games in schools and educational centers can be considered. Accordingly, it is suggested that administrators, parents, and trainers in educational centers and educational environments provide sports, such as baseball games so that hyperactive children can benefit the most to strengthen and improve their behavior. Coresponding author: Mojtaba Dehestani Ardekani, E-mail: m.dehestani@ardakan.ac.ir You can also search for this author in: Google scholar},  
Keywords = {Physical activity, Exercise, Paintball, Motor performance, Social skills, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {277-286}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.4.703.4},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-888-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-888-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Dadfarnia, Shekoofeh and Taherifar, Zahra and Farahani, Hojjatollah},  
title = {Emotion Regulation Strategies as a Mediator of the Relationship of Beliefs About Emotion and Emotion Regulation Self-efficacy, and Social Anxiety}, 
abstract ={Objective: According to cognitive models, maladaptive beliefs play a major role in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and can lead to dysfunctional behavioral reactions and emotion dysregulation. This study aims to examine emotion regulation strategies as a mediator in the relationship of beliefs about emotions and emotion regulation self-efficacy and social anxiety. Methods: A total of 650 college students from Yazd University (Iran) were selected by cluster sampling and filled out the implicit theories of emotion scale (ITES; 2007), regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale (RESE; 1999), social interaction anxiety scale (SIAS; 1992), and the short-form cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ; 2002). Results: The initial hypothesized model had a poor fit. By merging the manifest variables of refocus on planning with reappraisal, refocusing with putting into perspective (for adaptive emotion regulation), and combining rumination and catastrophizing (for maladaptive emotion regulation), the model fit was optimized, and all the direct paths became significant. The final model was a partial mediation model, confirming the adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies as a mediating role in the relationship of beliefs about emotions and emotion regulation self-efficacy and social anxiety. Conclusion: The results showed that beliefs about emotions affect the utilization of efficient emotion regulation strategies and can be a risk factor for social anxiety. Coresponding author: Shekoofeh Dadfarnia, E-mail: Sh.dadfarnia@yazd.ac.ir You can also search for this author in: Google scholar},  
Keywords = {Emotional regulation, Self-efficacy, Disorder, Social anxiety},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {287-296}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.4.591.2},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-879-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-879-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {VosoughiMotlagh, Afsaneh and Kamjou, Sara and Etemaad, Jalil},  
title = {Predicting Body Image Concerns, Social Isolation, and Mood by the Amount of Social Media Addiction}, 
abstract ={Objective: Internet usage is widely increasing among the new generation, shaping a crucial aspect of people’s lives. Social media use can influence body image concerns, social isolation, and social mood. This study aims to assess body image concerns, social isolation, and mood based on the amount of social media use.  Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive and correlational method. The study population included all people aged between 20 and 40 years in Shiraz City, Iran, among which 311 people (191 women and 119 men) were selected by the convenience sampling method. The tools used in this study were the body image concerns inventory (BICI, 2005), the social isolation assessment standard questionnaire (SIASI, 2013), the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS, 1988), and the social media addiction scale (SMAS_AF, 2017). Correlation coefficients (using the SPSS software) and structural equation modeling analysis (using AMOS statistical software) were employed to investigate the variables of the social isolation prediction model. Results: The results of the study showed that mood (β=0.15, P=0.007) and use of social media (β=0.19, P=0.0001) can predict social isolation with the mediating role of body image concerns (β=0.18, P=0.001). The results showed that the mood and use of social media can predict social isolation both directly and with the mediation of body image concerns.  Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, mood, and use of social media can predict social isolation with the mediating role of body image concerns. Negative moods can make people sensitive to their body image. People have a distorted perception of their body image and this concern leads to social isolation. Coresponding author: Afsaneh Vosoughi Motlagh, E-mail: Afsanehvosoughi@gmail.com},  
Keywords = {Social isolation, Mood, Social media use, Body image concerns},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {297-306}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.4.856.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-873-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-873-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kamjou, Sara and Goodarzi, Mohammad Ali and Aflakseir, Abdulaziz},  
title = {Predicting College Students’ Mental Health Based on Religious Faith Mediated by Happiness, Ambivalent Attachment Style, and Locus of Control}, 
abstract ={Objective: The present study was designed to examine the college student’s mental health prediction model based on religious faith mediated by happiness, ambivalent attachment style, and ‎locus of control. Methods: The study method was correlational. The statistical population included all college students of Shiraz University in the academic year of 2013-2014. The sample included 240 college students selected by convenience sampling method. Measures included the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28, 1979), the religious faith scale (RFS, 2014), the Oxford happiness inventory (OHI, 1989), the Collins and Read revised adult attachment scale (RAAS, 1990), and the Rotter’s locus of control scale (RLCS, 1966). The data were analyzed by multiple regression, path analysis, and structural equation modeling methods. Results: The data were analyzed by multiple regression, path analysis, and structural equation modeling methods. The study results showed that the variables of religious faith (P=0.0001, β=0.29), happiness variable (P=0.0001, β=0.37), and ambivalent attachment (P=0.0001, β=0.29) can positively and significantly predict mental health. Likewise, religious faith positively and significantly predicted happiness (P=0.0001, β=0.54) and negatively and significantly predicted ambivalent attachment (P=0.0001, β=-0.21). The religious faith could not predict the locus of control. The mediating role of happiness was confirmed. However, the mediating role of ambivalent attachment style and locus of control was not confirmed. Conclusion: The modified model confirmed the mediating role of happiness between religious faith and mental health. Therefore, those components of faith that lead to happiness may be a protective marker for mental health. Coresponding author: Sara Kamjou, E-mail: sarakamjou@gmail.com  },  
Keywords = {Mental health, Religious faith, Happiness, Ambivalent attachment style, Locus of control},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {307-318}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.4.884.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-872-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-872-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Barkhordari-Sharifabad, Maasoumeh and ZangenehSoroush, Morteza and Yazdani, Samaneh},  
title = {The Relationship Between Perceived Social Support With Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis}, 
abstract ={Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Psychological manifestations, such as depression, anxiety, and stress are common in patients with MS. Social support is involved in the well-being of patients with MS. This study aims to assess the relationship between perceived social support with depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with MS. Methods: This descriptive correlation study was conducted on 240 patients with MS who were referred to the MS Center of Isfahan Province, Iran. Three questionnaires of the depression anxiety stress scale 21 (DASS-21), social support, and demographic questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 20 using descriptive and analytical statistics (independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation).  Results: In the current study, the mean perceived social support was 27.35±9.06. The mean depression, anxiety, and stress were 14.96±5.42, 13.92±5.88, and 15.39±4.82, respectively. In addition, an inverse correlation was observed between social support with depression, and anxiety (P<0.01). Moreover, no significant relationship was observed between social support and stress (P=0.21). Social support was a significant negative predictor that accounted for 11.8% of the variance in depression (R2=0.118, P<0.001) and 3.4% of the variance in anxiety (R2=0.034, P=0.002). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, social support of patients with MS can be one of the effective suggestions to decrease depression and anxiety.  Coresponding author: Samaneh Yazdani, E-mail: Samanehyazdani1371@gmail.com You can also search for this author in: Google scholar},  
Keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Multiple sclerosis, Stress, Social support},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {319-328}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.4.885.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-869-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-869-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zohrabiy, Shima and Abolghasemi, Abbas and KafiMasoole, Mousa and Khosrojavid, Mahnaz},  
title = {Comparing the Effectiveness of Emotion-focused Therapy and the Unified Trans-diagnostic Treatment on Fear of Negative and Positive Evaluation of Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder}, 
abstract ={Objective: Most of the research conducted so far on effective treatments for social anxiety disorder has used traditional cognitive-behavioral therapies. However, recent pathological theories emphasize the role of emotion regulation in the formation and continuation of the symptoms of this disorder. Thus, this study was conducted to compare the efficacy of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) and the unified trans-diagnostic treatment for individuals diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test control group design and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all the people aged 18-40 years who were diagnosed with social anxiety disorder from September to March 2021 in Tehran City, Iran. A total of 21 patients were selected using purposive sampling and assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group (7 patients in each group). The experimental groups 1 and 2 received EFT in twenty 120-minute sessions (one session every week) and the unified trans-diagnostic treatment in twelve 120-minute sessions (one session every week), respectively, while the control group did not receive therapy intervention during this period. The brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNE) and the fear of positive evaluation scale (FPES) were used to collect data. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data in SPSS software, version 24. The significance level of the research was considered to be α=0.05. Results: The results indicated that both EFT and trans-diagnostic treatment effectively reduced the fear of positive evaluation, but unified trans-diagnostic treatment had no significant impact on reducing the fear of negative evaluation in this group (P<0.05).  Conclusion: Accordingly, EFT and unified trans-diagnostic treatment were effective and practical methods to reduce the fear of positive and negative evaluation in this group. It is recommended that psychotherapists and counselors employ these approaches in practice. Coresponding author: Shima Zohrabiy, E-mail: Shima.zohrabi@gmail.com  },  
Keywords = {Emotion-focused therapy, Unified trans-diagnostic treatment, Fear of negative and positive evaluation, Social anxiety disorder.},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {329-340}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.4.914.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-896-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-896-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {GhamariKivi, Hossein and JamshiddoustMiyanroudi, Fatemeh and Mousavi, Sara and Ghavibazou, Effat},  
title = {Role of Types of Inner Speech in the Prediction of Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, Somatization, and Distress in the Normal Population}, 
abstract ={Objective: It is extremely common for adults to use self-talk to regulate their behavior. However, the underlying processes leading to differences in inner speech are not well understood. In this study, the correlation between various forms of self-talk and symptoms of anxiety (hyperactivity), depression, sleepiness, and distress was investigated. Methods: The research method is a descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of the study included all 10 000 students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in Iran in the academic year of 2019-2020. A total of 378 students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The varieties of the inner speech questionnaire (VISQ) and the four-dimensional symptom questionnaire (4DSQ) were administered to all subjects. Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multivariate regression analysis were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 23. Results: The results showed the strongest inner speech for predicting anxiety, depression, and somatization disorders is another type of inner speech. On the other hand, in those with distress symptoms, evaluative/critical inner speech was appropriately predictive. Also, positive-regulative inner speech negatively predicts anxiety, depression, and distress. In the normal population, positive regulative inner speech is considered an appropriate predictor.  Conclusion: Consequently, probably two types of inner speech evaluation-critical and positive-regulative exist that have more powerful construct validity, and usage of other inner speech is questionable. Coresponding author: Fatemeh Jamshiddoust Miyanroudi, E-mail: f.jamshiddoust@student.uma.ac.ir You can also search for this author in: Google scholar},  
Keywords = {Inner speech, Anxiety, Depression, Somatization, Distress},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {341-348}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.4.807.2},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-878-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-878-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Arzpeyma, Mahyar and HamzehpoorHaghighi, Tahereh},  
title = {Comparison of Object Relations, Personality Organization, and Personal and Relational Meaning of Life in Psychology Graduates vs Other Students in Lahijan Azad University}, 
abstract ={Objective: This study aims to compare object relations, personality organization, personal meaning of life, and relational meaning in life among students of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch. Methods: The research design was post-event (causal-comparative). The sample included 200 students (100 psychology students and 100 students from other majors) selected based on convenience sampling criteria. The tools used in this study were Bell object relations and reality testing inventory (BORRTI), Kernberg’s inventory of personality organization (IPO), Steger’s meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ), and relational meaning in life questionnaire (RMLQ). The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS software, version 24. Results: The results showed no significant difference between the scores of object relations among psychology students and students from other majors of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan City, Iran. On the other hand, a significant difference was observed between the variables of personality organization, personal meaning in life, and relational meaning in life in psychology students and other university students. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the overall status of psychology students in terms of personality organization, personal meaning in life, and relational meaning in life was better than other students. However, it is recommended that therapists, counselors, and educational administrators pay more attention to object relations and some personality organization variables (such as primary defenses and identity confusion) in themselves or their students because examining and improving these variables through psychotherapy can provide a better basis for future services and prevent potential harm to clients. Coresponding author: Tahereh Hamzehpoor Haghighi, E-mail: Psy.hamzehpoor@gmail.com You can also search for this author in: Google scholar},  
Keywords = {Object relations, Personality organization, Meaning in life, Relational meaning in life},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {349-358}, 
publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/jpcp.11.4.905.1},
url = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-890-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-890-en.pdf},  
journal = {Practice in Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {2423-5822}, 
eissn = {2423-5822}, 
year = {2023}  
}