eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation
Practice in Clinical Psychology
2423-5822
2423-5822
2018-04
6
2
63
72
article
Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies as the Mediators in the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms
Fatemeh Rezaei
rezaeipsyc@gmail.com
1
Nasrin Alsadat Hosseini Ramaghani
nasrin.ramaghani@gmail.com
2
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
Objective: The current study seeks to investigate the mechanisms through which mindfulness is related to social anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample of adults by examining whether experiential avoidance and specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies (rumination, catastrophizing, and reappraisal) mediate associations between mindfulness and social anxiety symptoms.
Methods: Statistical population of this study contained all the students with social anxiety disorder in Lorestan University in the academic year 2016-2017. With purposive sampling method, 104 students with social anxiety disorder were selected. Subjects were assessed by Social Phobia Inventory, Beck depression inventory II, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Social Anxiety Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS 22 software using structural equation modeling, and the model fits the clinical sample well.
Results: In the model, the index demonstrated good fit (X2 24=36.13, P=0.053, GFI=0.92, AGFI=0.86, CFI=0.97, NFI=0.92, TLI=0.96, RMSEA=0.07, CMIN/df=1.50), so that mindfulness facets were directly associated with Sognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies (SERD) and experiential avoidance. It was also found that cognitive emotion regulation strategies and experiential avoidance were associated with social anxiety symptoms. Finally, the results indicated that mindfulness had indirect effects on the social anxiety symptoms that were mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies and experiential avoidance.
Conclusion: Our findings raise important implications for clinical health psychologists when tailoring mindfulness-based treatments for SAD patients.
http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-499-en.pdf
Mindfulness
Emotion
Anxiety
Student
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation
Practice in Clinical Psychology
2423-5822
2423-5822
2018-04
6
2
73
82
article
Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Treatment on Adult ADHD: A Meta-Analysis
Mohammad Narimani
narimani@uma.ac.ir
1
Elnaz Ensafi
elnazensafi89@gmail.com
2
Nastaran Mohajeri Aval
nastaranmohajeri@yahoo.com
3
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatments in adults with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Methods: A total of 9 studies were selected, and meta-analysis was done on them. The data were gathered from the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, SID based on methodological conditions, topic and research design, and the effect size of each study was calculated.
Results: The combined effect size of all the indicators was found to be significant according to Cohen’s table, which means large or high effect size. The combined effect size for inattention is ES=0.0575 (P=0.0013), for impulsivity is ES=0.605 (P=0.0037), for hyperactivity is ES=0.545 (P=0.0384), for hyperactivity/impulsivity is ES=0.510 (P=0.001), and for total ADHD is ES=0.630 (P=0.0038).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, neurofeedback treatment was found to have a large effect in reducing ADHD symptoms in adults with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.
http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.pdf
Meta-analysis
Neurofeedback
Adult
ADHD
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation
Practice in Clinical Psychology
2423-5822
2423-5822
2018-04
6
2
83
92
article
Association Between Facial Affect Recognition and Maladaptive Schema in People With Depressive Symptoms
Elham Moosavian
elham_moosavian@yahoo.com
1
Seyedeh Fereshteh Nejati
nejatif@yahoo.com
2
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Objective: Depressed patients harbor maladaptive schemas that distort social reality and impaired facial expression recognition. Thus, this study aims at identifying specific associations among depressive symptoms, early maladaptive schemas, and patterns of for recognizing facially expressed emotions.
Methods: 100 subjects diagnosed with depressive symptoms were selected from a larger statistical population on the basis of purposive sampling. The Schema Questionnaire - Short Form, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the facial affect recognition test were administered to the subjects. The binomial regression model was used.
Results: Statistical analysis indicated that some early maladaptive schemas and depression exerted significant effects on the recognition of fear and neutral emotions. Depression also led to improved recognition of sadness and anger.
Conclusion: We concluded that maladaptive schemas and impairments in emotion recognition are interrelated and both domains are likely to contribute to depressive symptoms. The results are expected to improve our understanding of the social cognitive deficits in depressed patients at the schema and emotion recognition levels.
http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-473-en.pdf
Emotions
Depression
Interpersonal relations
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation
Practice in Clinical Psychology
2423-5822
2423-5822
2018-04
6
2
93
100
article
The Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness, Temperament and Character Dimensions of Personality and Identity Styles
Soofi Moradi
soofimoradi@gmail.com
1
Parvaneh Mohammadkhani
parmohamir@yahoo.com
2
Shaahin Mahmoudzadeh
shaahin.s.h@gmail.com
3
Behrooz Dolatshahi
dolatshahee@yahoo.com
4
Fatemeh Mehrabinia
m.mehrabinia786@gmail.com
5
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.
Objective: This study was conducted to examine the relationships between dispositional mindfulness, temperament, personality traits, and identity styles and to determine the predictive power of dispositional mindfulness, temperament, personality traits in identity styles.
Methods: 223 students (120 females and 103 males) from the universities in Tehran were selected as the sample. The data were gathered using the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and the Identity Style Inventory.
Results: Dispositional mindfulness was significantly correlated with identity styles and identity commitment. There were also significant relationships between mindfulness and temperament dimensions and character dimensions (-0.32 to 0.38, P<0.01). Regression analysis indicated that three personality dimensions, i.e., self-directedness, self-transcendence, novelty seeking and dispositional mindfulness predict 35% of the variance of identity commitment; and dispositional mindfulness, self-transcendence, cooperativeness and novelty seeking predict 26% of the variance of normative identity style.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that mindfulness and the psychobiological aspects of personality may have a significant role in the process of identity achievement. Also, the biological aspects of personality may have a significant role in dispositional mindfulness.
http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-461-en.pdf
Mindfulness
Temperament
Character
Identity crisis
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation
Practice in Clinical Psychology
2423-5822
2423-5822
2018-04
6
2
101
110
article
The Role of Psychiatric Symptoms, Social Support and Meaning in Life in Predicting Internet Addiction Among University Students: A Causal Model
Mohammad Ghaderi Rammazi
mohammade_ghaderi@yahoo.com
1
Ghasem Askarizadeh
askarizadeh@uk.ac.ir
2
Gholamreza Ahmadi
gholamrezaahmadi10@yahoo.com
3
Kouros Divsalar
kouros_divsalar@yahoo.com
4
Department of Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Psychology, School of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect roles of psychiatric symptoms, social support, and meaning in life in predicting internet addiction among university students.
Methods: The study was performed in a cross-sectional design by employing the path analysis to explore the model fitting. All the students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences constituted the research population. A total of 159 students were selected, by random cluster sampling method, as sample members. The questionnaires were utilized for data collection.
Results: The results revealed that more than half of the participants were afflicted with the Internet addiction or were on the verge of addiction. Correlation coefficients results indicated a positive correlation between all the subscales of psychiatric symptoms and students’ Internet addiction and also a negative correlation between all the subscales of social support and Internet addiction. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between meaning in life (PML) and internet addiction. Among all the endogenous variables, depression accounted for most of the variances in Internet addiction. Social support and PML also accounted for a considerable part of the variances in Internet addiction, either directly or indirectly. In addition, the goodness of fit indices was indicative of an acceptable fitness (CFI=0.96, NFI=0.94, IFI=0.92, RMSEA=0.17).
Conclusion: Considering the fit indices, path coefficients, and the significance level, it can be maintained that the presented model for Internet addiction has an acceptable goodness of fit and that it explains 75% of the variance in participants’ Internet addiction.
http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-433-en.pdf
Addiction
Internet
Model
Social support
Symptoms
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation
Practice in Clinical Psychology
2423-5822
2423-5822
2018-04
6
2
111
118
article
Evaluation of Cognitive Abilities of Different Groups of Sclerosis Patients and Its Comparison With Healthy People
Alireza Pirkhaefi
apirkhaefi@gmail.com
1
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Sciences, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.
Objective: Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease that is important in measuring and evaluating the cognitive abilities of its patients. Therefore, the diagnostic dimensions of functional differences in cognitive abilities of subgroups of this disease are important.
Methods: The research was done with post-event design. The sample consisted of 60 subjects from different groups of patients with sclerosis in Tehran. The research tool was a cognitive test of Montreal. The research hypotheses were analyzed by MANOVA test.
Results: The findings showed that there are some differences between the different subgroups of sclerosis patients and healthy people. There was no difference in memory function between the subgroups of sclerosis. Healthy individuals differed in working memory (4.43 vs. 1.83 to 2.23), cognitive function (27.7 vs. 19 to 21.9), attention and centralization (5.3 vs. 3.9 to 4.8), and visual spatial perception (4.6 vs. 2 to 2.9) with patients.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that there are some differences in the cognitive functions of different groups of sclerosis. The results emphasize the role of cognitive rehabilitation for patients.
http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-447-en.pdf
Sclerosis
Mental process
Aptitude
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation
Practice in Clinical Psychology
2423-5822
2423-5822
2018-04
6
2
119
128
article
The Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Thought Control Strategies on Pornography Use
Mehdi Darvish Molla
darvishmolla@gmail.com
1
Mahmoud Shirazi
2
Zahra Nikmanesh
3
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
Objective: Due to easy accessibility to pornography for adolescents and youth, research on the use of pornography has proliferated in recent years. The aim of this study was to examine the role of difficulties in emotion regulation and thought control strategies on pornography use.
Methods: The population of this research included all students of the Sistan and Baluchestan University in southeastern Iran. A total of 395 students (193 men and 202 women), with a mean age of 22.35 years, were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed the standardized measures of frequency of pornography use, difficulties in emotion regulation, and thought control strategies. Data were analyzed in SPSS (v. 22) software by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression.
Results: The results showed that 74% of men used pornography in the past 12 months; however, only 35% of women used pornography in the past 12 months. The results also revealed that pornography use was correlated with difficulties in emotion regulation and thought control strategies. Multiple regressions revealed that, in men, difficulties in emotion regulation (β=0.27; P<0.001) can positively predict pornography use and distraction (β=-0.28; P<0.001) can negatively predict pornography use. In addition, the results demonstrated that, in women, difficulties in emotion regulation (β=0.30; P<0.001) can positively predict pornography use and social control (β=-0.18; P<0.001) can negatively predict pornography use.
Conclusion: These findings indicated that difficulties in emotion regulation and thought control strategies (distraction and social control strategies) may successfully address the frequency of pornography use.
http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-469-en.pdf
Emotion regulation
Thought control
Pornography
eng
University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation
Practice in Clinical Psychology
2423-5822
2423-5822
2018-04
6
2
129
139
article
Construction and Validation of the Human Psychological Flourishing Scale (HPFS) in Sociocultural Context of Iran
Hanieh Hojabrian
hanieh.hojabrian1@Gmail.com
1
Ali Mohammad Rezaei
rezaei_am@semnan.ac.ir
2
Imanollah Bigdeli
3
Mohammad Najafi
4
Mohammad Ali Mohammadifar
5
Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran.
Objective: The increasing importance of the movement of positive psychology has led scientific research to explore and measure the optimal human performance or flourishing. Many researchers believe that the components of flourishing are different in sociocultural contexts, and culture is the primary factor affecting the optimal human performance. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop an instrument to measure human flourishing and to evaluate its psychometric properties in the sociocultural context of Iran.
Methods: In this study, we employed a cross-sectional research methodology. For this purpose, 412 teachers from senior high schools of Tehran were selected by the method of multistage cluster sampling and were requested to respond to the researcher-constructed human flourishing scale, Soleimani et al.’s Flourishing Scale, Diener’s Flourishing Scale, PERMA-Profiler, Ahvaz Self-Actualization Questionnaire, and Beck’s Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and Pearson correlation.
Results: Factor analysis was conducted via principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Three factors, namely, individual achievement/competency, social contribution, and sense of satisfaction/happiness were extracted. These three factors together explained 62.99% of the total variance. Thereafter, confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the fitness of the three-factor model (CFI=0.96, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.92, RMSEA=0.066, SRMR=0.047, χ2=141.16, df=51, and χ2/df=2.77). In addition, Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the researcher-constructed flourishing scale is significantly correlated with Soleimani et al.’s Flourishing Scale, Diener Flourishing Scale, PERMA-Profiler, Ahvaz Self-Actualization Questionnaire, and Beck’s Depression Inventory. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the subscales of researcher-constructed flourishing scale, namely, sense of satisfaction/happiness, individual achievement/competency, and social contribution were respectively found to be 0.87, 0.83, 0.77, and 0.79.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the flourishing scale has acceptable psychometric features in teachers’ community, and it can be used as a valid instrument in psychological research.
http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-515-en.pdf
Psychology
Construction
Reliability
Validity
Factor analysis